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Sociology Ch.2 - Culture
terms
30
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
02/11/2011

Additional Sociology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

Symbol

Definition

 

anything that carries a particular meaning

recognized by people who share a culture

Term

 

 

language

Definition

 

 

a system of symbols that allows people to

communicate with one another

Term

 

 

cultural transmission

Definition

 

process by which one generation passes

culture to the next

Term

 

 

Sapir-Whorf thesis

Definition

 

 

the idea that people see and understand the world

through the cultural lens of language

Term

 

 

values

Definition

 

culturally defined standards that people use to decide

what is desirable, good, and beautiful

and that serve as broad guidelines for social living

Term

 

 

beliefs

Definition

 

 

specifics ideas that people hold to be true

Term

 

 

norms

Definition

 

rules and expectations by which a society guides

the behavior of its members

Term

 

 

mores

Definition

 

 

norms that are widely observed and have

great significance

Term

 

 

folkways

Definition

 

 

norms for routine or casual interaction

Term

 

 

technology

Definition

 

 

knowledge that people use to

make a way of line in their surroundings

Term

 

 

hunting and gathering

Definition

 

 

the use of simple tools to hunt animals and

gather vegatation for food

Term

 

 

horticulture

Definition

 

 

the use of hard tools to raise crops

Term

 

 

pastoralism

Definition

 

 

domestication of animals

Term

 

 

agriculture

Definition

 

 

large-scale cultivation using plows harnessed

to animals or more powerful energy

sources

Term

 

 

industry

Definition

 

 

the production of goods using advanced sources

of energy to drive large machinery

Term

 

 

postindustrialism

Definition

 

 

the production of information

using computer tech

Term

 

 

high culture

Definition

 

cultural patterns that distinguish

a society's elite

Term

 

 

popular culture

Definition

 

 

cultural patterns that widespread among a

society's population

Term

 

 

subculture

Definition

 

 

cultural patterns that set apart some

segment of a society's population

Term

 

 

multiculturalism

Definition

 

 

a perspective recognizing the cultural

diversity of the US and promoting

equal standing for all cultural traditions

Term

 

 

Eurocentrism

Definition

 

the dominance of European (especially English)

cultural patterns

Term

 

 

Afrocentrism

Definition

 

 

emphasizing and promoting African

cultural patterns

Term

 

 

counterculture

Definition

 

 

cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely

accepted within a society

Term

 

 

cultural integration

Definition

 

 

the close relationships among various elements

of a cultural system

Term

 

 

cultural lag

Definition

 

 

the fact that some cultural elements change

more quickly than others, disrupting

a cultural system

Term

 

 

ethnocentrism

Definition

 

 

the practice of judging another culture by

standards of one's own culture

Term

 

 

cultural relativism

Definition

 

 

practice of judging a culture by its own standards

Term

 

 

cultural universals

Definition

 

 

traits that are part of every known culture

Term

 

 

sociobiology

Definition

 

 

theoretical approach that explores ways

in which human biology affects how we

create culture

Term

 

 

anome

Definition

 

 

people will stop abidding by society norms

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