Term
|
Definition
| The systems and structures within society that shape activities of groups and individuals; in this chapter politics, education, and religion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The methods and tactics of managing a nation or state, as well as administering and controllin gits internal and external affairs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The formal, organized agency that exercises power and control in modern society, especially through creation and enforcement of laws. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability to impose one's will on others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The legitmate, non-coercive exercise of power. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A system of government by and for a small number of elites that does not include representation of ordinary citizens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A form of an authoritarianism; usually an unelected dictator who seizes power and becomes an absolutist ruler. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most extreme, modern form of authoritarianism in which the government seeks to control every aspect of citizens' lives. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Government by a king or queen, with succession of rulers kept within the family. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
When one person has complete control over the people.
Two of the most known absolute monarchs are Louis XIV of France and Phillip II of Spain. The Monarch (King or Queen) can still appoint the Parliament, Prime Minister, etc, but they would act as advisers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The United Kingdom is one.
it is a form of government created with a constitution to guide its leaders and citizens that also recognizes an elected or inherited head of state. like a king or queen. but the king or queen does not have complete power and control, they are bound to and must abide by the rules and laws in the constitution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A political system in which all citizens have the right to participate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the act of withdrawing certification or terminating a franchise. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A system of political power where a wide variety of individuals and groups have equal access to resources and power. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A relatively small number of people who control the economic, political, and military institutions of a society. (Mills coined the term). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organizations that raise and spend money to influence elected officials and/or public opinion. (Money in politics) |
|
|
Term
| Political Action Committees |
|
Definition
| Organizations that raise money to support the interests of a select group or organization. (PACs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organizations that have no official connection to a candidate but that raise and spend funds like a campaign does, name is from tax code section. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The media, which are considered like a fourth branch of government and thus serve as another of the checks and balances on power. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which a society transmits knowledge, values, and expectations to its members so they can function in society. |
|
|
Term
| Several important functions of Education |
|
Definition
- Transmitting knowledge
- Learning to follow rules and respect authority
- Socializing to make efficient, obedient workers.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the placement of students in educational programs of study that determine the types of classes student take. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Describes the values and behaviors that students learn indirectly over the course of their schooling. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The idea that teachers' attitudes about their students unintentionally influenced their academic performance. |
|
|
Term
| Kozol's belief on school inequality |
|
Definition
| Kozol contends that because schools are funded by local property taxes, children in poor places are trapped in poor schools, which reinforces inequality. |
|
|
Term
| Collins on Creditionalism |
|
Definition
| Collins contends that when class background is held constant in statistical studies of schools, the schools have little effect on actual student progress-Creditionalism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Public Schools run by entities to give parents greater control over education. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Involves the education by parents at home. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Payments from the government to parents whose children attend failing public schools to help parents play for private school tuition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any institutionalized system of shared beliefs and rituals that identify a relationship between the sacred and the profane. |
|
|
Term
| Sociologists and Religion |
|
Definition
| Sociologists do not verify the truth of religion, but study how religion shapes and is shaped by cultural institutions, and influences and is influenced by the behaviors of individuals. |
|
|
Term
| What Does Religion Provide? |
|
Definition
| Religion shapes everyday behavior by providing morals, values, rules, and norms for participants. It also gives meaning to lives, and provides the opportunity to come together. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Religion can promote inequality with sexist, racist, or homophobic doctrines. On the other hand, religion has been agent of social justice and political change. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the regular practice of religious beliefs, measured by church attendance. 38% of Americans report attending services weekly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to a person’s public display of commitment to a religious faith. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| means the inner religious life or personal relationship to the divine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| who more literally interpret texts (one of the two religiosity groups that has increased in size in recent decades) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Who consider themselves spiritual, not religious. (one of the two religiosity groups that has increased in size in recent decades) |
|
|
