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| the process by which plants and animals were brought under human control |
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the addition of external sources of power i.e - steam, hand tools, modes of transport |
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| a socially created institution that coordinates human activity in the effort to produce, distribute, and consume goods and services |
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| any products that are manufactured, grown, or extracted from the earth such as good, clothing, computers, etc.. |
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| activities performed for others that result in no tangible product(s) |
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| form of domination in which one country imposes its political, economic, social, and cultural institutions on an indigenous population |
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| an economic system in which the raw materials and means of production and distribution are privately owned and free of government interference |
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| individuals own the raw materials, machines, labor, and other means needed to produce and distribute goods and services |
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| laws of supply and demand |
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| as demand increases, prices rise, manufacturers produces a larger supply which increases competition and drives down the prices |
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| economic systen in which the raw materials and means of producing and distributing goods and services are collectively owned |
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| the wealthiest, most highly diversified economies in the world with strong, stable, governments |
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economices that rely on a few or single commodiities i.e: coffee |
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| economy characterized by moderate wealth, but extreme inequality. they explout peripheral economies |
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| the personal debts of a ruler or a particular regime that are incurred without the consent of the population |
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primary sector (of the economy) |
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| economic activites that generate or extract raw materials from the natural environment |
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secondary sector (of the economy) |
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| economic activities that transform raw materials into manufactured goods |
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tertiary sector (of the economy) |
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| economic activites related to delivery services, including the creation and distribution of information |
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Gross Domestic Product (GDP) |
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| the monetary value of the goods and services that a nation's work force produces over the course of a year |
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| a situation in which a single producer dominates a market |
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| a situation in which few producers dominate a market |
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| larges coporations that own smaller corps acquired through mergers or acquistion |
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| type of authority that relies on the sanctity of time-honored norms that govern the selection of someone to a powerful position |
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| a type of authority that derives from the exceptional and exeplary qualities of the person who issues the commands |
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| a type of authority that rests on a system of impersonal rules that formally specifies the qualifications for occupying a powerful position |
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1. single ruling party led by a dictator 2. system of social control that suppresses dissent and opposition 3. centralized control over the media and economy |
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| government in which power is vested in the citizen body and in which members participate directly or indirectly in the decision making process |
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| system of government in which there is no seperation of power and a single perosn, group, or social class holds all power |
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| form of government in which political authority rests in the hands of religious leaders. No seperation of church and state |
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| those few people who occupy such lofty postions in social structure of leading intitutions that their decisions have consequences affecting millions of people worldwide |
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| views politics as an arena of compromise and negotiation amonge competing groups. And power as something that is dispersed amonge these groups |
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| composed of people who share interest in a particular economic, political, and social issues and who join of form an organization to influence public and government |
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Political Action Committees (PAC) |
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| committees that raise money to be donated to the political candidates most likely to support their special interest |
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| a tax-exempt advocacy organization that seeks to influence federal elections by running issue related advertisements criticizing the record fo a candidate |
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| a group of countries under the direct/indirect control of a foreign power or government so that the dominant poiwer shapes the political and cultural development of the controlled country |
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| a process by which a power maintains its dominance over other entities |
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| one that believes military strength and willingness to use it is the source of national and even global security |
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| groups who participate in armed rebellion against some established authority, government, or administration with the hope that those in power will retreat |
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| the invetion or discovery of something new - an idea, process, practice, or tool |
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| revolutionary, unprecendented or ground-breaking inventions |
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| a technology that allows readers to pick and choose among highlighted keywords and follow links to related documents that are stored in computers around the world |
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| situation in which not enough critical readers and listeners evaluate material before it is used by popular media |
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| the number of existing inventions |
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the portion of the nonmaterial culture that adjusts to material innovations. i.e: norms, values, beliefs |
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| a situation in which adaptive culture fails to adjust in neccessary ways to material innovations |
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| technological determinist |
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| someone who believes that human beings have no free will and are controlled entirely by their material innovations |
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| the dominant and widely accepted theories and concepts in a particular field of study |
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| observation(s) that a paradigm cannot explain |
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| describes the internet's ability to connect those people around the world with educations, economic, and political advantages. Excluding those who are not so advantaged |
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| interdependence at the grassroots level that aims to protect environment and enhance the average person's acces to basic resources |
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| situation in which people organize to change or resist change in some area of society |
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| regressive or reactionary movements |
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| socal movements with the goal of turning back the hands of time to an earlier condition or state of being |
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| social movements that target some specific feature of society as needing change |
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| social movement that seeks broad and radical structural cahnges to a society's basic social instituions or to the world order |
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| counterrevolutionary movement |
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| social movement that seeks to maintain a social order that reform and rev. movements are seeking to change |
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| applies to those who are the worst off or most disadvantaged - people with the lowest incomes and least opportunities |
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| a condition measured by comparing one group's situation to the sitautions of those more advantaged |
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| a core group of sophisticated strategies wroks to harness the disaffected energies, attract supporters, forge alliances, and create organizational structures |
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