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Sociology 2e CH21
Social Movements and Social Change
31
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
12/28/2021

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Term
acting crowds
Definition
crowds of people who are focused on a specific action or goal
Term
alternative movements
Definition
social movements that limit themselves to self-improvement changes in individuals
Term
assembling perspective
Definition
a theory that credits individuals in crowds as behaving as rational thinkers and views crowds as engaging in purposeful behavior and collective action
Term
casual crowds
Definition
people who share close proximity without really interacting
Term
collective behavior
Definition
a noninstitutionalized activity in which several people voluntarily engage
Term
conventional crowds
Definition
people who come together for a regularly scheduled event
Term
crowd
Definition
a fairly large number of people who share close proximity
Term
crowdsourcing
Definition
the process of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of people
Term
diagnostic framing
Definition
a social problem that is stated in a clear, easily understood manner
Term
emergent norm theory
Definition
a perspective that emphasizes the importance of social norms in crowd behavior
Term
expressive crowds
Definition
crowds who share opportunities to express emotions
Term
flash mob
Definition
a large group of people who gather together in a spontaneous activity that lasts a limited amount of time
Term
frame alignment process
Definition
using bridging, amplification, extension, and transformation as an ongoing and intentional means of recruiting participants to a movement
Term
mass
Definition
a relatively large group with a common interest, even if they may not be in close proximity
Term
modernization
Definition
the process that increases the amount of specialization and differentiation of structure in societies
Term
motivational framing
Definition
a call to action
Term
new social movement theory
Definition
a theory that attempts to explain the proliferation of postindustrial and postmodern movements that are difficult to understand using traditional social movement theories
Term
NGO
Definition
nongovernmental organizations working globally for numerous humanitarian and environmental causes
Term
prognostic framing
Definition
social movements that state a clear solution and a means of implementation
Term
public
Definition
an unorganized, relatively diffuse group of people who share ideas
Term
reform movements
Definition
movements that seek to change something specific about the social structure
Term
religious/redemptive movements
Definition
movements that work to promote inner change or spiritual growth in individuals
Term
resistance movements
Definition
those who seek to prevent or undo change to the social structure
Term
resource mobilization theory
Definition
a theory that explains social movements’ success in terms of their ability to acquire resources and mobilize individuals
Term
revolutionary movements
Definition
movements that seek to completely change every aspect of society
Term
social change
Definition
the change in a society created through social movements as well as through external factors like environmental shifts or technological innovations
Term
social movement
Definition
a purposeful organized group hoping to work toward a common social goal
Term
social movement industry
Definition
the collection of the social movement organizations that are striving toward similar goals
Term
social movement organization
Definition
a single social movement group
Term
social movement sector
Definition
the multiple social movement industries in a society, even if they have widely varying constituents and goals
Term
value-added theory
Definition
a functionalist perspective theory that posits that several preconditions must be in place for collective behavior to occur
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