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Sociology 2e CH04
Society and Social Interaction
34
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
12/28/2021

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Term
achieved status
Definition
the status a person chooses, such as a level of education or income
Term
agricultural societies
Definition
societies that rely on farming as a way of life
Term
alienation
Definition
an individual’s isolation from his society, his work, and his sense of self
Term
anomie
Definition
a situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness
Term
ascribed status
Definition
the status outside of an individual’s control, such as sex or race
Term
bourgeoisie
Definition
the owners of the means of production in a society
Term
capitalism
Definition
a way of organizing an economy so that the things that are used to make and transport products (such as land, oil, factories, ships, etc.) are owned by individual people and companies rather than by the government
Term
class consciousness
Definition
the awareness of one’s rank in society
Term
collective conscience
Definition
the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society
Term
false consciousness
Definition
a person’s beliefs and ideology that are in conflict with her best interests
Term
feudal societies
Definition
societies that operate on a strict hierarchical system of power based around land ownership and protection
Term
habitualization
Definition
the idea that society is constructed by us and those before us, and it is followed like a habit
Term
horticultural societies
Definition
societies based around the cultivation of plants
Term
hunter-gatherer societies
Definition
societies that depend on hunting wild animals and gathering uncultivated plants for survival
Term
industrial societies
Definition
societies characterized by a reliance on mechanized labor to create material goods
Term
information societies
Definition
societies based on the production of nonmaterial goods and services
Term
institutionalization
Definition
the act of implanting a convention or norm into society
Term
iron cage
Definition
a situation in which an individual is trapped by social institutions
Term
looking-glass self
Definition
our reflection of how we think we appear to others
Term
mechanical solidarity
Definition
a type of social order maintained by the collective consciousness of a culture
Term
organic solidarity
Definition
a type of social order based around an acceptance of economic and social differences
Term
pastoral societies
Definition
societies based around the domestication of animals
Term
proletariat
Definition
the laborers in a society
Term
rationalization
Definition
a belief that modern society should be built around logic and efficiency rather than morality or tradition
Term
role conflict
Definition
a situation when one or more of an individual’s roles clash
Term
role performance
Definition
the expression of a role
Term
role strain
Definition
stress that occurs when too much is required of a single role
Term
role-set
Definition
an array of roles attached to a particular status
Term
roles
Definition
patterns of behavior that are representative of a person’s social status
Term
self-fulfilling prophecy
Definition
an idea that becomes true when acted upon
Term
social integration
Definition
how strongly a person is connected to his or her social group
Term
society
Definition
a group of people who live in a definable community and share the same culture
Term
status
Definition
the responsibilities and benefits that a person experiences according to his or her rank and role in society
Term
Thomas theorem
Definition
how a subjective reality can drive events to develop in accordance with that reality, despite being originally unsupported by objective reality
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