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Sociology 2e CH03
Culture
34
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
12/28/2021

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Term
beliefs
Definition
tenets or convictions that people hold to be true
Term
countercultures
Definition
groups that reject and oppose society’s widely accepted cultural patterns
Term
cultural imperialism
Definition
the deliberate imposition of one’s own cultural values on another culture
Term
cultural relativism
Definition
the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards, and not in comparison to another culture
Term
cultural universals
Definition
patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies
Term
culture
Definition
shared beliefs, values, and practices
Term
culture lag
Definition
the gap of time between the introduction of material culture and nonmaterial culture’s acceptance of it
Term
culture shock
Definition
an experience of personal disorientation when confronted with an unfamiliar way of life
Term
diffusion
Definition
the spread of material and nonmaterial culture from one culture to another
Term
discoveries
Definition
things and ideas found from what already exists
Term
ethnocentrism
Definition
the practice of evaluating another culture according to the standards of one’s own culture
Term
folkways
Definition
direct, appropriate behavior in the day-to-day practices and expressions of a culture
Term
formal norms
Definition
established, written rules
Term
globalization
Definition
the integration of international trade and finance markets
Term
high culture
Definition
the cultural patterns of a society’s elite
Term
ideal culture
Definition
the standards a society would like to embrace and live up to
Term
informal norms
Definition
casual behaviors that are generally and widely conformed to
Term
innovations
Definition
new objects or ideas introduced to culture for the first time
Term
inventions
Definition
a combination of pieces of existing reality into new forms
Term
language
Definition
a symbolic system of communication
Term
material culture
Definition
the objects or belongings of a group of people
Term
mores
Definition
the moral views and principles of a group
Term
nonmaterial culture
Definition
the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society
Term
norms
Definition
the visible and invisible rules of conduct through which societies are structured
Term
popular culture
Definition
mainstream, widespread patterns among a society’s population
Term
real culture
Definition
the way society really is based on what actually occurs and exists
Term
sanctions
Definition
a way to authorize or formally disapprove of certain behaviors
Term
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Definition
the way that people understand the world based on their form of language
Term
social control
Definition
a way to encourage conformity to cultural norms
Term
society
Definition
people who live in a definable community and who share a culture
Term
subcultures
Definition
groups that share a specific identification, apart from a society’s majority, even as the members exist within a larger society
Term
symbols
Definition
gestures or objects that have meanings associated with them that are recognized by people who share a culture
Term
values
Definition
a culture’s standard for discerning what is good and just in society
Term
xenocentrism
Definition
a belief that another culture is superior to one’s own
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