Term
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Definition
| Seeing the general in the particular, seeing the strange in the familiar, seeing individuality in social context |
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Term
| Benefits of the Sociological Perspective |
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Definition
| Helps us assess the truth of common sense, opportunities and constraints, empowers us to be active participants in society, helps us live in a diverse world |
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Term
| What was Emile Durkheim's Most Famous Study? |
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Definition
| Suicide- social factors underlie suicide (social integration) |
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Term
| What is "Anomie" and who came up with the idea? |
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Definition
| Emile Durkheim; breaking down of the controlling influences of society (people become detached from society and are left with too little moral guidance-need more social groups) |
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Term
| What did Emile Durkheim believe was the purpose of Sociology? |
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Definition
| discover causes for social ills and recommend remedies |
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Term
| What was Emile Durkheim's main idea? |
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Definition
| Social forces impact people's behavior |
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Term
| What did Max Weber emphasize? |
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Definition
| Understanding; must learn how people themselves view and explain their own behavior |
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Term
| What did Max Weber believe was the central force in change, which contradicted Marx? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which paradigm did Max Weber adhere to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was Karl Marx's main idea? |
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Definition
| Class Conflict is the engine of human history; society is divided into classes who clash in pursuit of their own class interests |
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Term
| What is "Praxis" and who came up with it? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Harriet Martineau famous for? |
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Definition
| Translating Comte's ideas into English & reducing 7 volumes into 2 (interest spread) |
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Term
| What is WEB DuBois famous for? |
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Definition
| First person of color to receive doctorate from harvard; US refused to give him VISA, so he expatriated and died abroad |
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Term
| What did WEB DuBois emphasize? |
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Definition
| knowledge is essential to combat prejudice |
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Term
| Structural-Functionalist Theory |
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Definition
| Society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability; If something doesn’t serve a useful, identifiable purpose, it will not be passed from generation to generation |
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Term
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Definition
| Recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern |
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Term
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Definition
| Largely unrecognized or unintended consequence |
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Term
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Definition
| Undesirable consequence or disruption in social structure |
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Term
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Definition
| Sees society as an arena of inequality, generating conflict and change; interested in how society’s institutions maintain privileges of some groups; looks to who benefits/suffers (money/power) |
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Term
| Symbolic Interactionist Theory |
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Definition
| Sees society as the product of everyday interactions of individuals; Humans live in a world of symbols |
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Term
| Which Theories are Macro vs. Micro Orientation? |
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Definition
| Functionalist & Conflict-Macro; Symbolic-micro |
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Term
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Definition
| Views inequity in gender as central to all behavior and organization; Extended analysis beyond male POV; focus on the relationships of everyday life |
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Term
| Which theories does the Feminist Perspective relate to? |
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Definition
| Conflict and Interactionist |
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Term
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Definition
| speculative relationship between 2 or more factors |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| variable that influences other variables |
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Term
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Definition
| a selection from larger population that is statistically typical |
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Term
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Definition
| everyone in the population has the same chance of being selected |
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Term
| What is the importance of Observing Behavior? |
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Definition
| Identify differences in what people say they do and what they really do |
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Term
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Definition
| exposed to Independent Variable |
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Term
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Definition
| beliefs, values, behavior, and material objects that, together, form a people’s way of life |
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Term
| Characteristics of Culture (4) |
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Definition
| culture is shared (uniquely) , learned , integrated, & based on symbols |
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Term
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Definition
| general practices found in every culture including courtship, family, religion, etc |
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Term
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Definition
| passing of cultural traits from one generation to the next |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group (i.e. trade)[voluntary] |
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Term
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Definition
| anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share culture |
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Term
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Definition
| a system of symbols that allows people to communicate with each other |
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Term
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Definition
| people perceive the world through the cultural lens of language |
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Term
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Definition
| rules and expectations by which society guides the behavior of its members |
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Term
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Definition
| norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance (i.e. wearing clothes) |
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Term
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Definition
| norms for routine, casual interaction (i.e. formal dress to a wedding) |
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Term
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Definition
| culturally defined standards which serve as broad guidelines for social living |
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Term
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Definition
| specific statements which people hold to be true |
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Term
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Definition
| cultural patterns that distinguish some segment of a society’s population (tattoos, piercings, etc) |
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Term
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Definition
| patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted in society |
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Term
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Definition
| practice of judging another culture by the standards of one’s own culture |
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Term
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Definition
| practice of judging culture by its own standards |
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Term
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Definition
| lifelong social experiences by which individuals develop their human potential and learn culture |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| conscious efforts to balance innate pleasure seeking drives with the demands of society |
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Term
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Definition
| operation of culture within the individual |
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Term
| Jean Piaget's Cognitive Development Stage One-Sensorimotor |
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Definition
| individuals experience the world only through sensory contact |
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Term
| Jean Piaget's Cognitive Development Stage Two- Preoperational |
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Definition
| individuals first use language and other symbols |
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Term
| Jean Piaget's Cognitive Development Stage Three- Concrete Operational |
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Definition
| individuals first perceive causal connections in their surroundings |
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Term
| Jean Piaget's Cognitive Development Stage Four- Formal Operational |
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Definition
| individuals think abstractly and critically |
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Term
| George Herbet Mead's Stages of Self Stage One- Preparatory Stage |
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Definition
| children imitate people around them |
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Term
| George Herbet Mead's Stages of Self Stage Two- Play Stage/Role-Taking |
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Definition
| mental assuming perspective of another |
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Term
| George Herbet Mead's Stages of Self Stage Three- Game |
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Definition
| can consider tasks and relationships simultaneously |
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Term
| Erik Erikson's Stages of Development Stage One- Infancy |
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Definition
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Term
| Erik Erikson's Stages of Development Stage Two- Toddlerhood |
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Definition
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Term
| Erik Erikson's Stages of Development Stage Three- Preschool |
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Definition
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Term
| Erik Erikson's Stages of Development Stage Four- Pre-Adolescence |
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Definition
| Industriousness vs Inferiority |
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Term
| Erik Erikson's Stages of Development Stage Five- Adolescence |
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Definition
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Term
| Erik Erikson's Stages of Development Stage Six- Young Adulthood |
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Definition
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Term
| Erik Erikson's Stages of Development Stage Seven- Middle Adulthood |
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Definition
| Making a Difference vs Self Absorption |
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Term
| Erik Erikson's Stages of Development Stage Eight- Old Age |
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Definition
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Term
| Charles Horton Cooley's Looking Glass Self |
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Definition
| we learn who we are by interacting with others; imagine how we present ourselves, how people are evaluating us, form opinions about ourselves based on perceptions |
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Term
| Most Important Agent of Socialization |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 Major Agents of Socialization |
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Definition
| Family, Peer Groups, School, Media |
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Term
| Anticipatory Socialization |
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Definition
| social learning geared toward gaining desired position |
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Term
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Definition
| altering personality through deliberate control of the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| all aspects of a person’s life are under 1 authority |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a social position given to a person by society |
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Term
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Definition
| social position that someone assumes voluntarily and that reflects ability and effort |
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Term
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Definition
| status that has special importance for social identity, often shaping a person’s entire life |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status |
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Term
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Definition
| incompatibility among roles corresponding to a single status |
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Term
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Definition
| conflict among roles corresponding to two or more different statuses |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which people disengage from important social roles |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which people act and react in relation to others |
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Term
| Social Construction of Reality |
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Definition
| process by which people shape reality through social interaction |
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Term
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Definition
| situations defined as real become real in their consequences |
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Term
| What is Erving Goffman famous for? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| social interaction in terms of theatrical performance |
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Term
| Presentation of Self according to Dramaturgical Analysis |
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Definition
| the effort of an individual to create specific impressions in the minds of others |
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Term
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Definition
| command a member’s esteem and loyalty |
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Term
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Definition
| a social group toward which one feels competition or opposition |
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Term
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Definition
| a social group that serves as a point of reference for people making evaluations or decisions |
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Term
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Definition
| small social group whose members share personal and enduring relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| large and impersonal social groups devoted to some specific interest or activity |
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Term
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Definition
| large, secondary groups that are organized to achieve goals efficiently |
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Term
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Definition
| organization based on explicit rules, with a clear, impersonal and hierarchical authority structure |
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