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Sociology 150
Chapter 9
27
Sociology
Undergraduate 2
10/27/2011

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Term
calculative trust 
Definition
is trust based on performance and competence (common in instrumental relationships) 
Term
normative trust 
Definition
is trust based on a sense of belonging and feelings (found typically in families and communities).  
Term

Collective behaviors 

Definition

are unusual or non-routine behaviors that large numbers of people participate in.  

Term
mass 
Definition
is a large number of people oriented toward a set of shared symbols or social objects.  
Term

Crowds

 

Definition

are a number of people in the same space at the same time

 

Term
social aggregate 
Definition
people who temporarily happen to be in physical proximity, but share little else. 
Term
Convergence Theory 
Definition
claims that motivations are not born in the crowd but develop in individuals who carry them to the crowd
Term

Emergent Norm Theory 

Definition

claims that as crowds form and people interact, new norms develop in the crowd and facilitate certain actions.

 
Term
conventional crowd 
Definition
is a crowd that gathers for a typical event that is routine in nature (e.g., a play).  
Term

Solidaristic crowds 

Definition

are crowds that gather as an act of social unity (e.g., Breast Cancer awareness events).  

Term
Acting crowds 
Definition
 are crowds which are emotionally charged against an event or goal.  
Term

riots

 

Definition

large numbers of people who act violently in protest against some authority or action of others (typically governmental or corporate authority).  

Term
commodity riots 
Definition
where the original issue is forgotten as locals loot businesses and stores for commodities.  
Term
Panic 
Definition
occurs when crowds or masses react suddenly to perceived entrapment, exclusion, or danger.  
Term
fad 
Definition
is a novel form of behavior that catches on in popularity but quickly fades.  
Term
 fashion 
Definition
is something that is longer lived and often cycles throughout history (bell bottoms, car styles, and sexual abstinence have all cycled throughout history). 
Term
Social movements 
Definition
are intentional efforts by groups in a society to bring about or resist social change
Term

Messianic movements 

Definition

seek to bring about social change with the promise of miraculous intervention

 

Term
Charisma 
Definition
means having an outstanding personality that magnetically attracts others to you 
Term
Cooptation 
Definition
is the absorption of new (threatening) ideas and people into the policy making structure.  
Term
revolutionary movement 
Definition
seeks to overthrow existing institutions and class systems while replacing them with new ones
Term
reformist movement 
Definition
seeks partial changes in only a few institutions on behalf of interest groups 
Term
conservative movement 
Definition
seeks to uphold the values and institutions of society and generally resist attempts to alter them.  
Term
reactionary movement 
Definition
seeks to return the institutions and values of the past by doing away with existing ones.  
Term
Relative Deprivation Theory 
Definition
claims that people who feel relatively deprived in comparison to some other group or institution use the social movement to equalize things.  
Term
Structural-Strain Theory 
Definition
claims that social problems/strains on the current social structure combined with discontent lead to movements.  
Term
Resource Mobilization Theory 
Definition
maintains that a social movement succeeds or fails based on people's ability to gather and organize resources 
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