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| Members of a society have differing amounts of wealth, power, and status. |
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| A structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in a society. |
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| A person's material assets, including land, stocks, and other types of property. |
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| hereditary ranks that are usually religiously dictated and that tend to be fixed and immobile. |
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| Required peasants to work land leased to them by nobles in exchange for military protection. |
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| A social ranking based primarily on economic position in which achieved characteristics can influence social mobility. |
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| An economic system in which the means of production are held largely in private hands and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. |
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| "capitalist class", owns the means of production, such as factories and machinery |
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| A subjective awareness of common vested interests and the need for collective political action to bring about social change. |
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| an attitude held by members of a class that does not accurately reflect their objective position |
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| people who have the same prestige or lifestyle |
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| the ability to exercise one's will over others |
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| class is viewed largely as a statistical category. Assign individuals based on factors such as occupation, education, income, and place of residence. |
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| the respect and admiration that an occupation holds in a society |
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| the reputation that a specific person has earned within an occupation. |
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| Socioeconomic Status (SES) |
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| a measure of social class that is based on income, education, and occupation. |
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| a minimum level of subsistence that no family should be expected to live below |
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| a floating standard of deprivation by which people at the bottom of a society are judged to be disadvantaged in comparison with the nation as a whole |
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| An increasing population of the poor are women |
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| the long-term poor who lack training and skills |
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| the opportunities to provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable life experiences |
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| the movement of individuals or groups from one position in a society's stratification system to another |
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| the position of each individual is influenced by his or her achieved status. |
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| allows little or no possibility of individual social mobility |
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| Moving from one social position to another of the same rank |
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| the movement of an individual from one social position to another of a different rank. |
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| Intergenerational mobility |
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| changes in the social position of children relative to their parents |
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| Intragenerational mobility |
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| changes in the social position withing a person's adult life. |
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| Elite model of power relations |
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| society is ruled by a small group of individuals who share a common set of political and economic interests |
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| a small group of military, industrial, and government leaders who controlled the fate of the society |
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| many competing groups within the community have access to government, so that no single group is dominant |
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| conflict between organizations that possess trained combat forces equipped with deadly weapons |
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| both as the absence of war, and as a proactive effort to develop cooperative relations among nations |
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| when a foreign power maintains political, social, economic, and cultural domination over a people for an extended period |
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| continuing dependence and foreign domination |
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| describes the unequal economic and political relationships in which certain industrialized nations and their global corporations dominate the core of this system |
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| as developing countries make economic advances, they remain weak and subservient to core nations and corporations in an increasingly intertwined global economy |
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| the worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas |
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| multinational corporations |
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| commercial organizations that are headquartered in one country but do business throughout the world |
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| the far reaching process by which periphery nations move from traditional or less developed to those characteristic of more developed societies |
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| proposes that modernization and development will gradually improve the lives of people in developing nations |
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| the area of common culture along the border between 2 countries |
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| the financial flow from immigrants sending money home |
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| the moral rights possessed by all people because they are human |
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| a group that is set apart from others because of physical differences that have taken on social significance |
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| set apart from others primarily because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns |
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| subordinate group whose members have significantly less control over power over their lives than the members of a dominant or majority group have over theirs |
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| Five properties of a minority |
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| unequal treatment, physical or cultural traits, ascribed status, solidarity, and in-group marriage |
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| a sociohistorical process in which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed |
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| unreliable generalizations about all members of a group that do not recognize individual differences within a group |
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| a negative attitude toward an entire category of people |
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| the tendency to assume that one's culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others. |
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| the belief that one race is supreme and all others are inferior |
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| a criminal offence committed because of the offenders bias against a race, religion, ethnic group, national origin, or sexual orientation. |
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| the use of the principle of race neutrality to to defend a racially unequal status quo |
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| the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or other arbitrary |
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| an invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual because of the individuals gender, race, or ethnicity |
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| rights or immunities granted to people because they are white |
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| institutional discrimination |
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| the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups that results from the normal operations of a society |
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| positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotion, and educational opp. |
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| explain the basis of racial subordination in the u.s. |
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| any arbitrary action initiated by an authority based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than on a person's behavior. |
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| in cooperative circumstances, interracial contact between between people of equal status will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon old stereotypes. |
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| the deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation. |
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| a majority group and a minority group combine to form a new group |
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| the process through which a person forsakes his or her cultural tradition to become part of a different culture. |
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| the physical seperation of two groups of people in terms of residence, workplace, and social events. |
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| mutual respect for one another cultures among the various groups in a society. |
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| rejects the goal of assimilation into White middle-class society |
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| model minority or ideal minority |
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| succeeded economically, socially, and educationally despite past prejudice and discrimination, and without resorting to confrontations with the majority |
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| an emphasis on concerns such as ethnic food or political issues rather than on deeper ties to one's ethnic heritage |
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| immigrants who sustain multiple social relationships that link their societies of origin with the society of settlement |
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