Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Sociology 101
review for exam
56
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
12/10/2008

Additional Sociology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
homogamy
Definition
marrying someone with the same social characteristics as you, such as age, social class, and education
Term
hypergamy
Definition
marrying someone outside your social class (ie marrying "up")
Term
endogamy
Definition
marrying someone in your own racial, ethnic, or religious group. reinforces group solidarity
Term
exogramy
Definition
marrying someone outside your racial, ethnic, religious group (whatever group it is with which you most identify)
Term
Equation for Racism
Definition
Discrimination + Power = Racism
Term
Equation for Discrimination
Definition
Prejudice + Action = Discrimination
Term
group
Definition
any collection of people who interact
Term
category
Definition
a group of people who possess a similiar trait but who do not interact
Term
aggregate
Definition
people who happen to be in the same place at the same time but do not necessarily interect
Term
functionalism
Definition
a major theoretical perspective that views society as a living organism and that each part of the organism contributes to its survival. all parts function to maintain stability
Term
institutions
Definition
tool through which society achieves objectives
Term
4 Basic Components of Social Structure
Definition
statuses, roles, groups, institutions
Term
latent function
Definition
a term for a goal that is not clear to person pursuing it (ie college's latent function could be finding a mate)
Term
manifest function
Definition
clear, obvious function for doing something (college's manifest function is getting an education)
Term
instrumental leader
Definition
these types of people are goal-oriented, concentrate on the goal at hand, and guide the group towards that goal. perform the "tasking function."
Term
expressive leader
Definition
concentrate on maintaining harmony amongst the group members. "maitenance function"
Term
micro sociology
Definition
stresses study of small groups
Term
macro sociology
Definition
concentrates on society as a whole
Term
folkways
Definition
weak norms followed in every day life (ie, eating politely at a restaurant)
Term
mores
Definition
morally significant norms. ie killing someone
Term
laws
Definition
encoded or written norms
Term
taboos
Definition
the stronget of all norms. such as incest
Term
Peter Principle
Definition
employees tend to get promoted to positions above their levels of competence
Term
Michel's Iron Law of Oligarchy
Definition
in large business, leaders tend to promote people similiar to themselves-- power soon becomes consolidated in a few hands
Term
goal displacement
Definition
overzealous conformity to official regulations
Term
absolute poverty
Definition
refers to minimal necessities of life; people who live in minimal poverty are barely able to maintain the basic necessities
Term
relative poverty
Definition
poverty based on the standard level of living in a society
Term
dramaturgical sociology
Definition
interactionalist theory; people seen as theatre performers
Term
polygamy
Definition
any form of plural marriage
Term
polygyny
Definition
one husband has several wives
Term
polyandry
Definition
one wife has several husbands (very rare)
Term
group marriage
Definition
many men married to many women at same time (extremely rare)
Term
matrilocal
Definition
newlyweds set up residence near wife's parents
Term
patrilocal
Definition
newlyweds set up residence with or near husband's parents
Term
neolocal
Definition
newlyweds set up residence away from parents
Term
stem extended family type
Definition
three or more generations of the same family sharing same residence, economic resources, etc
Term
joint extended family
Definition
two of more nuclear families sharing same household and economic resources (usually headed by brothers)
Term
Anomie
Definition
Durkheim's term for the loss of direction felt in society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective
Term
mechanical solidarity
Definition
collective consciousness that emphasizes group solidarity, characteristic of society's with minimal division of labor
Term
organic solidarity
Definition
interdepence; characteristic of modern societies with complex labor division
Term
id
Definition
seeks immediate gradification for bodily desires
Term
ego
Definition
rational part of the personality; tries to avoid punishment
Term
superego
Definition
our conscious sense of right and wrong. battles the ego.
Term
Verstehen
Definition
imperative understanding, stressed meaning, understanding, and comprehension which requires you to be near subject
Term
C.W. Mills (2 key concepts)
Definition
power elite, sociological imagination
Term
Cooley (one key concept)
Definition
looking-glass self
Term
preparatory stage
Definition
children imitate people around them
Term
play stage
Definition
pretend to be other people
Term
play stage
Definition
pretend to be other people
Term
Merton
Definition
the chart: ritualist, conformist, innovator, retreatist/rebel
Term
sensority motor
Definition
infants derive everything from senses
Term
preoperational
Definition
can't handle concepts of weight, speed, volume well
Term
concrete operational
Definition
thinking tied to real world
Term
formal operational
Definition
children capable of abstract thought and deal with world in idealistic terms
Term
Gesellschaft
Definition
Tonnes's term to describe large, impersonal community (think "L" for "large")
Term
Gemeinschaft
Definition
Tonnes's term for a close-knit, rural community (think "mein" which implies a personal connection)
Supporting users have an ad free experience!