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Sociology 1010 Chapter 9
Weber Dr. Wei-Arthus
29
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
03/20/2015

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Term
Ethnic groups
Definition
People with shared cultural heritages that others regard as distinct.
Term
Social stratification
Definition
The systematic ranking of categories of people on a scale of social worth, which affects how valued resources are distributed in a society.
Term
Majority group
Definition
The social group that controls power and the resources that derive from this power. Population numbers do not equate to this power.
Term
Individual discrimination
Definition
Occurs when one person treats another unfairly, and that treatment is based on the person's social status.
Term
Affirmative action
Definition
A policy or program that seeks to redress past discrimination by increasing opportunities for underrepresented groups.
Term
Racial formation
Definition
How society creates and transforms racial categories over time.
Term
Acculturate
Definition
Incorporating aspects of the dominant culture while retaining aspects of a group's ethnic origin.
Term
Legal discrimination
Definition
Uunequal treatment that is upheld by laws.
Term
Oppression Olympics
Definition
Refers to a "who's had it worse" competition for attention, resources, and ideational supremacy between aggrieved groups or people.
Term
Ethnicity
Definition
A shared heritage defined by common characteristics such as language, religion, cultural practices and nationality that differentiate it from other groups.
Term
Ethnocentrism
Definition
The belief that one's culture is superior and that other ethnic groups or nations are inferior. All other cultures and societies are judged according to the standards of the society or culture that one belongs to.
Term
Racism
Definition
A set of beliefs used to justify the unfair treatment of a racial group and its members.
Term
Emigrants
Definition
People who leave their home countries and establish citizenship in new countries.
Term
Minority group
Definition
A subordinate group whose members have significantly less power, access and use of important resources in society than members of a majority group.
Term
Segregation
Definition
The physical separation of individuals or groups from each other.
Term
Institutional discrimination
Definition
Results from society operating in ways that allow certain groups to receive better treatment and opportunities than other groups.
Term
White privilege
Definition
Cultural superiority ascribed to people who have "white" skin.
Term
Amalgamation
Definition
Happens when various cultures combine to create a new culture.
Term
Assimilation
Definition
Occurs when a person from a minority cultural group adopts the cultural characteristics of the dominant group while discarding his or her own ethnic traits.
Term
Race
Definition
Understood as a group of people defined by physical characteristics such as skin color that differentiate members from other groups on that basis.
Term
Scapegoating
Definition
The singling out of a group or individual for unmerited blame.
Term
Social construction
Definition
The belief that the ideas that influence and govern social organizations are human inventions.
Term
Prejudice
Definition
An attitude about a person or a group that is not based on social reality.
Term
Jim Crow laws
Definition
Allowed restaurants and business owners to legally deny services to members of minority groups.
Term
Discrimination
Definition
Differential treatment of people based on superficial characteristics such as skin color or accent.
Term
Stereotyping
Definition
Pre-defined, rigid mental images about how a person or group should act or think, held to be true regardless of whether there is evidence or data disproving these images. They may be positive or negative.
Term
Life chances
Definition
The ability to access the opportunities and resources held by a society.
Term
Racial-ethnic group
Definition
A socially subordinate group that is culturally distinct.
Term
Racial Profiling
Definition
s the use of an individual's race or ethnicity as a key factor in deciding whether to engage in enforcement.
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