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Sociology 1010 exam 1
intro to sociology first exam vocabulary
50
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
09/13/2011

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Term
Anomie
Definition
the loss of direction felt in society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective
Term
applied sociology
Definition
the use of the discipline of sociology with the intent of yielding practical applications for for human behavior and organizations
Term
basic sociology
Definition
inquiry conducted with the goal of gaining more profound knowledge of social phenomena, but not necessarily to gain results to improve society
Term
clinical sociology
Definition
used with intent of altering social relationships or restructuring society/ fixing perceived societal problem
Term
conflict perspective
Definition
a sociological paradigm, assumes social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over power or allocation of resources
Term
cultural capital
Definition
noneconomic goods that a society values: the right kind of knowledge
Term
double consciousness
Definition
division of an individuals identity into two or more social parts, ex: I am a woman, I am black, I am poor
Term
dramaturgical approach
Definition
view of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical performers
Term
dysfunction
Definition
an element or process of a society that may disrupt the social system or reduce its stability
Term
feminist view
Definition
approach views inequality in gender as central to all behavior and organizations
Term
functionalist perspective
Definition
a sociological paradigm that emphasizes the way in which the parts of society are structured to maintain stability/how things function
Term
globalization
Definition
worldwide integration of government policies, economics, cultures, social movements through trade and exchange of ideas
Term
ideal type
Definition
model or construct for evaluating specific cases; set of ideal characteristics-know what makes something democratic to evaluate how democratic it is
Term
interactionist perspective
Definition
sociological paradigm that generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to explain society as a whole
Term
latent function
Definition
unconscious or unintended function that may reveal hidden purposes
Term
macrosociology
Definition
investigation that concentrates on large scale phenomena or entire civilizations
Term
manifest function
Definition
the intended or stated function of something
Term
microsociology
Definition
investigation that stresses study of small groups, often through experimental means
Term
social capital
Definition
collective benefit of social networks which are built on reciprocal trust
Term
sociological imagination
Definition
awareness of the individual and the wider society, both today and in the past
Term
verstehen
Definition
german word for understanding or insight, used to stress the need for sociologists to take into account the subjective meanings people attach to their actions
Term
content analysis
Definition
systematic coding and objective recording of data, guided by some rationale
Term
control group
Definition
subjects in an experiment not introduced to independent variable
Term
control variable
Definition
factor that is held constant to test impact of independent variable
Term
correlation
Definition
relationship between two variables where one causes the other
Term
cross tabulation
Definition
table or matrix that shows relationship between two or more variables
Term
dependent variable
Definition
variable which depends on outside force for change, when acted on does it change?
Term
ethnography
Definition
study of entire social setting through extended systematic observations
Term
experimental group
Definition
subjects in study exposed to independent variable
Term
Hawthorne effect
Definition
unintended influence that the observer of a study can have on its subjects; subjects may change behavior simply because they know they are being observed
Term
operation definition
Definition
definition of abstract concept that is specific enough for researcher to assess the concept
Term
qualitative research
Definition
research that primarily collects and reports data in numerical form
Term
random sample
Definition
everyone in population has same chance of being chosen for study
Term
reliability
Definition
extent to which study produces consistent results, if done again, will results be close to the same?
Term
six characteristics of bureaucracy
Definition
specialization, hierarchy of offices, rules and regulations, technical competence, impersonality, formal/written communication
Term
problems with modern bureaucracy
Definition
alienation/dehumanization, pre-occupation with rules or rituals, inertia/perpetuation of organization even when obsolete, oligarchy/rule of the few
Term
village of 100
Definition
worlds population is condensed to 100, same ratios; 57 asians, 21 euros, 14 westerns, 8 africans, 51 female, 49 male, 70 non-white, 70 non-christian, 6 people have 50 percent of wealth and live in U.S., 80 live in substandard housing, 70 would be unable to read, 50 would suffer from malnutrition, 1 would be near death and 1 near birth, 1 would have college education, 0 would have computer
Term
best approach to data
Definition
options: awestruck, naive, cynical or critic, want to be a critic: thoughtfully examine information for accuracy and relevance
Term
theoretical perspective/paradigm
Definition
a set of fundamental assumptions that guide thinking and research
Term
3 paradigms
Definition
1 structural functionalism 2 social conflict 3 symbolic interactionism
Term
structural functionalism
Definition
approach that emphasizes the way in which parts of society work together to maintain structure and stability, assumes society is made of complex parts, biological metaphor, focus on social order and stability, what brings people together. key words: social function, manifest, latent, dysfunction, durkheim. weaknesses: problem with change and inequality, can't explain why men earn more than women, abstract, macrolevel
Term
biological metaphor
Definition
under structural functionalism, uses body as a metaphor for society, made of complex parts working together for structure and stability, maintenance of system
Term
social conflict
Definition
assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over power or allocation of resources, society made of conflicting groups pursuing their own interests, coercion: social order is imposed by powerful on the weak. key words: bourgeoisie, proletariat, conflict, Marx. macro-level
weakness: doesn't explain sense of social unity in communities, ignores times of stability, abstract
Term
symbolic interaction
Definition
view that society is the product of everyday interactions of individuals, society composed of individuals whose actions depend on interpreting each others behavior, maintenance, both on same page, constant negotiations between individuals trying to understand each others actions and reactions. micro-level. key words: symbols, definition of situation, weber, mead. weaknesses: ignored power structure, where are messages coming from, large scale problems
Term
why we do things
Definition
functionalist: we agree to
social conflict: we are made to
interactionist: we have same view of reality
Term
problems with 3 perspectives/paradigms
Definition
functionalist: problem with change and inequality, can't explain why men earn more than women, abstract
social conflict: doesn't explain sense of social unity in community, ignores stability, abstract
interactionist: ignores power structure, where are messages coming from, large scale problems
Term
definition of situation
Definition
important under symbolic interaction, what does situation mean to people involved, what meaning do we attach to actions
Term
validity
Definition
the degree to which a measure or scale truly reflects the phenomena under study: how accurate is experiment to reality
Term
value neutrality
Definition
max webers term for objectivity of sociologists in the interpretation of data, treat all values as equal
Term
secondary analysis
Definition
unlike content analysis, collect new data, secondary makes use of already collected data, often collected for other purposes, that is easily accessible
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