Term
|
Definition
| a relationship in which one event or situation brings about the other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| questions that relate one social context within a society to another society or contrasting examples from other societies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| comparison of research results among different countries or societies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a variable that is held constant to discover whether a correllation btwn variables involves a casual relationship |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the existence of regular relationship btwn two variables |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a variable that is effected by the independent variable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of something with a historcial basis, such as the russian revolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a way of studying people firsthand using participant observation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the testing of a hypothesis in a highly controlled enviornment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| questions that seek to determine the what and hte how of a subject *(also called empirical questions) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| analysis required when a study either is wholly historical or has a defined historical dimension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a variable that produces an effect on another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| biographical material assembled about particular individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| observation taht involves spending time with subjects and participating in their daily lives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| respondents who answer a survey |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sample in which every member of the population has the same probability of being included |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| define the problem-review the literature-formulate a hypothesis-select a research design-carry out the reseearch-interpret results-report research findings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a small but representatvive proportion of the population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the gathering of less detailed information from a larger group of people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| questions that seek to interpret the answers to empirical questions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a method in which researchers combine two or more methods, each used to check or supplement the material obtained by others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any dimension along which individuals or groups vary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| growth of comples distinctions btwn different occupations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sociological approach that considers society as a whole, emphasizing the contribution a social activity makes to society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the unintentional consequences of a social act |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the analysis of large scale social systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| functions intended by the participants in a social activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a theory that focuses on power, ideology, class division and social conflict. also an ideology. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of everyday behavior in situations involving face-to-face interaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| society is no longer governed by history of progress in this theory, society is pluralistic and diverse with no "grand narrative" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the view that a person's behavior can be best explained by her/his self interest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aspects of social life that shape our actions as individuals, such as the economy and religion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| patterns in our social behavior. its not stagnant or fixed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability to think ourselves away from the familiarity of our behavior in order to see the broader social context |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of human social life, groups, and societies, focusing on the modern world |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| theory that stresses the exchange of symbols btwn individuals in social interaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abstract interpretations that can be used to explain a wide variety of empirical situations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| modest theories, as opposed to grand theoretical schemes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sociology's trininty of theorists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the values the members of a given group hold, the norms they follow, and the material goods they create OR the ways of life of the individual members or groups within a society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abstract ideals. for example monogamy is a prominent value in most Western societies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| definite principles or rules people are expected to observe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a system of relationships that connects individuals who share the same culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a system of relationships that connects individuals who share the same culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the objects that a society creates, which influence the way that people live |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| punishment for rule breaking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mechanism of social control, can be positive (to encourage) or negative (to discourage) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which through contact with other human beings, one becomes a self-aware, knowledgeable human being, skilled in the ways of a given culture and enviornment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a system of interrelationships that connects individuals together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| describes sociology's recent emphasis on the importance of the understanding the role of culture in everyday life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| include a variet of scripts that can shape our beliefs, values, and actions. We select differnt understanding and behaviors from our tool kits |
|
|
Term
| The Corrective Process (Goffman) |
|
Definition
| The challenge, the offering (with one of the two supplements) the acceptance of the offering, and thanks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a subordinate person breaks the tactic rules of everyday interaction that are of value to the more powerful |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mutterecd exclamations to demonstrate the lapse in only minor and momentary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when individuals exhibit mutual awareness of each other's presence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when individuals directly attend to what others say and/or do |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when we present ourselves in a way that compels others to react in the ways that we wish |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where people assemble the props and prepare themselves for interaction in the more formal setting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when you find yourself in a situation without a scripted or normative response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a disjunction between one's virtual social identity and one's actual social identity OR an attribute that is deeply discrediting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a disjunction btwn one's virtual social identity and one's actual social identity OR an attribute that is deeply discrediting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the social reality that others impute on the basis of the surface appearance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| composed of the attitudes that a person can be shown to possess |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| those whose stigmas are not known to others (but could be) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| those whose stigmas are known to others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one category that stigmatized people fell into, those whose stigmas are not known to others (but could be) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rejecting stereotypical weakness of stigma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| embodying assumptions about the stigma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gains available as a result of the stigma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) a stigmatized person uses theis ideology to explain his/her inferiority
2) society usue this to rationalize animosity based upon differences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a way of instilling cultural conformity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when we conform to control systems with our own consent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the idea that society makes things |
|
|
