Term
| structural-functional approach |
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Definition
| identify functions and dysfunctions, focuses on how a policy, practice or custom contributes to the survival of the group |
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Term
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Definition
| identify groups involved in competition or conflict over some scare resource (Karl Marx-founder) |
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Term
| Symbolic Interaction theory |
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Definition
| based on self-concept- meaning sent to an individual from those they interact with creates a sense of self |
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Definition
| explains behavior by focusing on its consequences, people do something because they believe it will accomplish something valuable to them |
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| a methodological approach that uses research as a means of social change |
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Definition
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Term
| Reasoning that transforms specific observations into general theory is |
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Definition
| inductive logical thought |
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Term
| the two ways in which theory and research are linked |
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Definition
| deductive logical thought and inductive logical thought |
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Term
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Definition
| the idea that people see and understand the world through the cultural lens of language |
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Definition
| norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance |
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Definition
| norms for routine or casual interaction |
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Term
| Lenski claims that the development of more complex technology |
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Definition
| has both positive and negative effects |
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Term
| Unlike Marx, Weber thought alienation was caused by |
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Definition
| the high level of rationality in modern society |
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Term
| Which sociologist developed the term sociocultural evolution to explain the changes that a society goes through with increased technology? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not a problem of the limits of technology discussed in the text? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not one of the ways that capitalism alienates workers? |
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Definition
| alienation from a sense of community in general |
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Term
| founder of The Rationalization of Society |
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Definition
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Term
| The rationalization of society: |
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Definition
| ideas have powerful effects on societyies/origins of capitalism are Calvinist religious beliefs/rationality stifles human creativity |
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Term
| significance of calivinist beliefs |
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Definition
| people are destined to heaven or hell, sought signs during life that they are favored, wanted to be successful, worked hard for wealth/prestige |
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Term
| one important expression of modern rationality |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| specialization and interdependence |
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Term
| The stage when children begin to think about the world mentally and with imagination is called the |
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Definition
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Term
| is/are the agent(s) of socialization that take(s) on great significance during adolescence |
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Definition
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Term
| When schools informally teach students about the value of competition and showcase, this is referred to as |
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Definition
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Term
| Harold Garfinkel coined the term __________, which is the study of the way people make sense of their everyday surroundings. |
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Definition
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Term
| The textbook states that culture influences emotions in all of the following ways except: |
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Definition
| how people react to emotions |
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Term
| Humor comes from the contrast between two different realities. Which of the following are the two realities? |
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Definition
| conventional and nonconventional reality |
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Term
| Paul Ekman states that in analyzing social interaction, an observer can find clues by noticing four elements of a performance. Which of the following is not one of the elements? |
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Definition
| hand movement while talking |
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Term
| The Thomas Theorem states that: |
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Definition
| situations defined as real are real in their consequences |
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Term
| three parts of McDonalization |
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Definition
| efficiency, uniformity, control |
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Term
| Max Weber's six key elements of bureaucracy |
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Definition
| 1. specilization, 2. hierarchy of offices, 3. rules and regulaitons, 4. technical competence, 5. impersonality, 6. formal, written communications |
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Term
| problems with bureaucracy |
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Definition
| alienation, inefficiency and ritualism, bureaucratic inertia |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency of bureaucratic organizations to perpetuate themselves |
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Term
| 3 types of formal organizations |
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Definition
| utilitarian organizations, normative organizations, coercive organizations |
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