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| tries to understand how our face to face interactions affect our lives |
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| tries to understand how more abstract or broad patterns of society affect our lives |
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| A procedure for acquiring knowledge that emphasizes collecting concrete data through observation and experiment |
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| A paradigm that sees interaction and meaning as central to society and assumes that meaning are not inherent but are created through interaction |
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| A paradigm that begins with the assumption that society is a unified whole that functions because of the contributions of its separate structures |
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| A paradigm that sees social conflict as the basis of society and social change, and emphasizes a materialist view of society, a critical view of the status quo, and a dynamic model of historical change |
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| A paradigm that proposes that categories of sexual identity are social constructs, and that no sexual category is fundamentally either deviant or normal, this paradigm emphasizes the importance of difference and rejects as restrictive the idea of innate sexual identity |
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| A theoretical approach that looks at gender inequities in society and the way that gender structures the social world |
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| A quality of the mind that allows us to understand the relationship between our particular situation in life and what is happening at a social level |
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| A sense of disorientation that occurs when you enter a radically new social or cultural enviroment |
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| The theory developed by Auguste Comte that sense perceptions are the only valid source of knowledge |
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| The term developed by Emile Durkheim to describe the type of social bonds present in pre-modern, agrarian societies where shared tradition and beliefs created a sense of social cohesion |
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| The term developed by Emile Durkheim to describe the type of social bonds present in modern socities, based on difference, interdependence, and individual rights |
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| "Normlessness" term used to describe the alienation and loss of purpose that result from weaker social bonds and an increased pace of change |
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| The implementation of formal rules and regulations in order to work more efficiently and without consideration of subjective or individual concerns |
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| Max Weber's pessimistic description of modern life, where the technical and economic conditions of machine production control our lives through ridged rules and rationalization |
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| The less obvious, perhaps unintended functions of social structure |
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| The obvious, intended functions of a social structure for the social system |
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| A denial of the truth on the part of the oppressed when they fail to recognize the interests of the ruling class in their ideology |
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| Having many possible meanings or interpretations |
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| Awareness of one's own social status and that of others, also the recognition of social inequality on the part of the oppressed, leading to revolutionary action |
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| Factor that is changed by the independent variable in an experiment |
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| Factor in an experiment that is predicted to cause change |
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| A naturalistic method based on studying people in their own environment in order to understand the meanings they attribute to their activities, also the written work that results from the study. |
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| A set of Assumptions, theories, and perspectives that make up a way of understanding social reality |
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| How the identity and activities of the researcher influence what is going on in the field setting |
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| Practical action that is taken on the basis of intellectual or theoretical understanding |
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| Comparative and Historical methods |
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| Methods that use existing sources to study relationships between elements of society in various regions and time periods |
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| An opinion held by the researcher that might affect the research or analysis |
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| A rule or guideline regarding what kinds of behavior are acceptable and appropriate within a culture |
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| Ideas about what is desirable or contemptible and right or wrong in a particular group |
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| A norm that carries a greater moral significance, is more closely related to core values of a cultural group, and often involves sever punishment to violators |
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| A loosely enforced norm involving common customs, practices, or procedures that ensure smooth social interaction and acceptance |
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| A norm engrained so deeply that even thinking about violating it evokes strong feelings of disgust, horror, or revulsion |
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| The principle of using one's own culture as a means or standard by which to evaluate another group of individual, leading to the view that cultures other than one's own are abnormal |
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| The principle of understanding other cultures on their own terms, rather then judging or evaluating according ones own culture |
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| The idea that language structures thought, and that ways of looking at the world are embedded in language |
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| whereby the ideas of the dominant social group are accepted by all of society |
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| The values, norms, and practices of the group within society that is most powerful ( in terms of wealth, prestige, status, influence) |
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| A group within society that is differentiated by its distinctive values, norms, and lifestyle |
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| A group within society that openly rejects and or opposes society's values and norms |
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| Clashes within mainstream society over the values and norms that should be upheld |
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| The process by which cultures that were once distinct become increasingly more similar |
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| The dissemination of beliefs and practices from one group to another |
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| Cultural influence caused by willingly adopting another cultures products, such as consumer products and mass media |
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| The forms of cultural expression usually associated with the elite or dominant classes |
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| Usually contrasted with the high culture of elite groups, forms of cultural expression usually associated with the masses, consumer goods and commercial products |
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| The notion that the self develops through our perception of others, evaluations and appraisals of us |
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| The belief that we experience the self as both subject and object, the "I" and the "me" |
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| A theoretical paradigm pioneered by Erving Goffman in which social life is analyzed in terms of its similarities to theatrical performance to understand how individuals present themselves to others |
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| The region in which we deliver our public performances |
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| Place where we rehearse and prepare for our performances |
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| The effort to control the impressions we make on others so that they form a desired view of us and the situation; the use of self-presentation and performance tactics |
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| Cut off from the rest of society so that there lives can be controlled and regulated |
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| The process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs, and norms of our social group, by which we become functioning members of society |
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| The tension experienced when there are contradictory expectations with in one role |
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| Experienced when we occupy two or more roles with contradictory expectations |
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| A status that is always relevant and affects all other statuses we process |
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| A heterosexual couple with one or more children living in a single household |
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| Marriage to someone from a different social group |
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| Marriage to someone with in one's social group |
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| Any group an individual feels opposition, rivalry, or hostility towards |
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| A group that one identifies with and feels loyalty toward |
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| The tendency to marry or have relationships with people in close geographic proximity |
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| The position of the family member who provides emotional support and nurturing |
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| The position of the family member who provides the family's material support and is often an authority figure |
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| People to whom we refer with kinship terms in order to describe a particulary close relationship even though they are not related by blood, marriage, or adoption |
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| The process by which a single corporation acquires ownership of a variety of otherwise unrelated businesses |
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| Groups of people drawn together by shared interests, especially those relating to hobbies, sports, and media |
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| Any informal place where people come together regularly for conversation and camaradarie when not at work or home |
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| The customs, practices, and values expressed in a particular place by the people who interact there |
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| Any physical, verbal, financial, sexual, or psychological behaviors abusers use to gain power over there victims |
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| Any social groups with leadership, organization, and a ideological commitment to promote or resist change |
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| Relative deprivation theory |
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| A theory of social movements that focuses on the actions of oppressed groups who seek rights or opportunities already enjoyed by others in society |
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| Resource Mobilization Theory |
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| A theory of social movements that focuses on the practical constraints that help or hinder social movement's actions |
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| Technological Determinism |
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| A theory of social change that assumes developments in technology and material culture drive changes in society, rather then vice versa |
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| Characterizes industrial societies, including the decline of tradition, an increase of individualism, and a belief in progress, technology and science |
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| Characterizes post-industrial societies, the focus on the production and management of information, and skepticism of science and technology |
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| An economic system based on the laws of free market competition, privatization of the means of production, and production for profit |
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| A particular type of social dilemma in which many individuals' over exploitation of a public resource depletes or degrades that resource |
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