Term
| over the last ten years what has become the guiding focus for effective healthcare |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| it envolves a systematic review of research findings to uncover proven best pracrices ("evidence") and the design for formal professional practice guidelines based on that evidence |
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Term
| what are referred to as ADL's |
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Definition
| activities of daily living include walking , eating, tolieting, and being mobile |
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Term
| most nurses accept that it is always better for the patient to do as much self-care as possible; eve if the nurse coud do it more quickly and efficiently |
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Definition
| true, makin un warrnted asdsumptions about a patients abilities, or not allowing the patient enough time to do self care reinforces the sense of dependancy |
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Term
| why are baths given more frequently now in the shower or tub and not a sponge bath in the bed? |
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Definition
| because it increases risks of immobility , complete bedrest dow mre harm than good |
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Term
| in addition to general cleanliness and well-being what do 3 things are good about giving your patiet a bath |
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Definition
1. decrease liklihood of infection
2. promote effective circulation throughout moving off the bed and rubbing skin with wash cloth
3. giving you the option to acess your patient in depth |
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Term
| what is the rule of washing a patients body? |
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Definition
| wash head to toe from cleaniest to dirtiest, with perineal care always last |
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Term
| you can use soap when washing around a patints eyes |
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Definition
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Term
| how to you compose a patients confidentiality |
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Definition
| cover your patient with a blanket and only expose the part being washed, make sure patient does not get chilled |
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Term
| a study showed that bath basins contain |
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Definition
| bacterial growth in 98% of the 92 bath basins tested |
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Term
| with perineal care should gloves always be used |
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Definition
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Term
| for when when cleaning the perineal area you need to make sure you always wash |
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Definition
| toward the rectum to prevent fecal contamiation |
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Term
| what is the deal with backrub why do we do them |
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Definition
promotes relaxation
relieves muscular tension
stimulates ski circulation
3-5 min but make sure to ask permssion |
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Term
| what do we do when a diabtic asks to get their toe nails clipped ? |
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Definition
| referr them to a podiatrist |
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Term
| why dont we cut diabetics toe nails or caluses |
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Definition
| diabetics have very poor peripheral circulation - cuts dont heal very well and often become infected or even gangrenous . Their skin burns easily, and the burns dont heal easily( poor circulation). |
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Term
| why do diabetics complain about their feet being to cold |
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Definition
| poor circulation, so avoid using any sources of heat on their feet |
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Term
| with patient mouth care we use toothbruh and toothpaste whenever possible |
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Definition
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Term
| why do we avoid the lemon and glycerin mouth swabs seen in some units when it comes to mouth care |
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Definition
| they have a drying affect on oral mucosa and the acidity of the lemon changes pH in the mouth. |
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Term
| hwo do we treat unconscious patients mouths |
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Definition
| with a sponge toothbrush called a toothette or a tongue blade wrapped around a 4*4. use mouth suction as needed. |
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Term
| flossing is proabably the most neglected hygeine measure for patients who cant do self care, you can floss the patient is the patient cant |
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Definition
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Term
| you can not shave the patient of do hair care on the patient |
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Definition
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Term
| with bedpans and urinals you have to understand it is very difficult to defacate laying down so you need to |
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Definition
| raise the patient whenever possible , if patient can not be raised you can use the "logrolling" technique to get the patient on and off, we use fracture pans for these patients |
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Term
| when it comes to linen hygeine you can put dirty linen on the floor |
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Definition
| false, find a linen bag or linen hamper , or else take directly to the soiled linen area, DO NOT HUG SHEETS TO YOUR BODY |
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Term
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Definition
| a state of decreasing or absent use of an organ or body part |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability to move the whole body or a body part |
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Term
| how long does it take for effects of immobility/ disuse of the body system to take effect on the body? |
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Definition
| only 48 hours of inactivity |
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Term
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Definition
| decrease in size of a tissue or organ due to inactivity |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal shortening of a muscle than causes resistance to stretching and evntually if not managed , a state of permanent flexion |
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Term
| calcium resorption/disuse osteoporosis |
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Definition
| demineraization of bones that make then brittle and easily fractures. it tends to occur with age , especially in women , but it is accelerated by prolonged immobility since osteoblast activity declines without weight baring stress on bones |
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Term
| What are the three areas of muscoskeletal system that is effected by immotility |
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Definition
atrophy
contractures
calcium restoration/disuse osteoporosis |
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Term
| what are 5 things that can effect the integumentary system due to immotility |
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Definition
1. pressure ulcer
2. shear
3. friction
4. excoriation
5. maceration |
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Term
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Definition
| a lension caused by unrelieved pressure that damages the underlying tissue due to deminished perfusion |
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Term
| when do pressure ulcers occur |
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Definition
| when pressure against the skin exceeds capillary closing pressure ( usually about 35 mmHg. Capillaries squeezed between a body part and the surface which it is lying (interface pressure). |
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Term
| it is estimated that --- pressure ulcers are treated annually in the U.S; with a cost of -- dollars |
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Definition
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Term
| approximetly how many people dies each year of pressure ulcer complications |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the pressure exerted against the ski in a direction parellel to the body surface |
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Term
| how do shears commonly occur in the hospital setting |
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Definition
| when the patient "slides down" while in semi-fowler's position or gets "pulled up in bed" by staff while skin is still in contact with the bed linens.The skin and subcutaneous tissue adhere the bed while the muscles and deep tissue slide in the direction of the body motion. The skin gets "stretched". Underlying capillaries are torn and compressed. Bleeding and necrosis occur deep in the tissues even when no damage is visible at the external skin surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanical irritation to the skin occurs when it is dragged across a course or rought surface ( sheets are rough enough to cause friction damage |
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Term
| during friction burns what layer of the skin is actually rubbed off? |
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Definition
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Term
| sheet burns are often observed on the |
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Definition
| heels and elbows of immobile patients |
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Term
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Definition
| a general term for damage to the epidermis ( can be a scratch of abrasion |
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Term
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Definition
| softening of the skin due to prolonged contact with water ( wrinkles in the bath tub) |
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Term
| maceration makes the skin more prone to what |
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Definition
| friction and shear damage |
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Term
| does cardiovascular worlaod actually increse or decrease when the patient is in bedrest |
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Definition
| it increases because the heart has to push blood against gravity, even when the demand of body cells for oxygen is decreased |
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Term
| usually for the first few days after the patient is placed at bedrest you can observe the aveage resting pulse go higher? |
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Definition
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