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Socialization
first test
236
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
09/25/2012

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
The early Christian influences on the history of nursing
Definition
the roman catholic church became a central figure in orgaization and management of health care
Term
Explain how christians were impairative to care for the poor and sick?
Definition
women would go from house house they based their christian concept off of charity and sanctity of human life
Term
deaconnesses
Definition
they were widows or unmarried women who cared for the sick
Term
During Christian influences there were religious orders and srict discipline?
Definition
true
Term
The middle ages followed the demise of
Definition
the Roman catholic Empire
Term
what effect did the Bubonic Plague (black Death) have on society
Definition
- development of early hospitals most being build on religious orders
- Many of the nuses workig in these hospitals were men (monks)Parabolari Brotherhood.
Term
What two major events happened during the middle ages that has effected nursing?
Definition
The Bubonic Plague
the crusades
Term
What years did the crusades take place
Definition
1096-1292
Term
what happened during te crusades that was very helpful to nursing
Definition
knights were hosipitalers- fought the battle and took care of the sick an injured, they wore a nursing pen to ditinguish ther nursing duty
Term
What came after the middle ages and the crusades
Definition
the protestant reformation
Term
What was considered womens role during the protestant reformation
Definition
Their job was to be a house wife and take care of their family and home.
- higher- born and affluent women stopped nursing , and it became perceived as a dirty, undesirable job. where as once women would do it out of religious devotion, most would not do it as a "secular job". Mostly prostitues, prisoners, and drunks
Term
what happend during the protestant reformation with nursing
Definition
many monaseries and convents closed in countries the "went protestant"
wich lead to a collapse of nursing orders
-this md men provide for the family and a disappearance of men from nursng
Term
what period in time was nursing referred to as the dark ages, and not considered a profession
Definition
the reformation period
Term
the first hospital and first medical school in north america was founded in
Definition
mexico
Term
During the colonial American Period
Definition
individuals with infectious diseases were put in pest houses, Benjamin Franklin, who was outspoken regarding the care of the sick, insisted that a hospital be built and that it was the communitys job to build a hospital. pensylvania hospital was build in philidelphia
Term
What happened after the protestant reformation?
Definition
the industrial revolution
the mid 18th century
Term
What happened during the Industrial Revolution
Definition
life as it has existed for several thousand years was turned upside down
-desperate social problems which arose from this upheavel attrated many people (reformers)
Term
One of the reformers who was little known , but critical to the nursing profession was who and why was he significant
Definition
Theodore Fliedner, a protestant Pastor, and he revived the deaconness movement; opened hospitals for them; opened small training courses for nurses;this was the first time there was ever given instructions on how to be a nurse; Mother Teresa, Gaundie
Term
Florence Nightingale
Definition
- born to a wealthy english family with high social standings and influential contacts
-stong minded
-her family wanted her to be a house wife but she refused and finally got her parents to allow her to join nursing school
Term
What training program did FLorence attend and what were her accomplishments
Definition
Fliedner's nurse training program for 3 months
- she was well adavnced and seemed to write ahead of her time in the medical field
-she became known as an authority on health care
-she wrote in newspapers
-she became superintindant of a charity hospital
-
Term
What influence did florence have on the Crimean War
Definition
this war broke out in turkey; horrible conditions and dieases; this was the first wat that was portrayed by the media to the british people, so they demanded that the british send nurses to help thier people
-nightingale took 38 nurses to Scutari in Turkey because a family friend in the army sent for her
-despite oposition of army physicans she worked miracles
-
Term
in the Crimean War Florence Nightingale decreased rate of wound from --% to ---%
Definition
42.7 to 2.2 in six months
Term
What did FLorence believe about nurses
Definition
that they should not be men and that they should be trained, but they also must be a women, because its alot like mothering caring loving
Term
idoloized by the soldiers Florence was called
Definition
lady with the lamp-because she never stopped working even through the dark she carried a lamp
Term
Mary Seacole
Definition
one of the overlooked heroines of the Crimean War she learned the art of caring and healing from her mom
-Jamaican nurse , who heard of the Crimean War, and petition the british govrment to join nightingale and her nurses
-she was refused because she was black
-
Term
What did Mary Seacole do when she was refused because she was black to help in the Crimean War
Definition
she purchased her own supplies and recruited a group of nurses to accompany her. she met up with her own hospital and treated british ccasualties until the war ended, she paid for it with all her own money ( it was a lodge bottom floor restraunt top floor hospital)
Term
Did the British goverment ever recognize Mary Seacoles efforts?
Definition
yes years later
Term
What fund was created for the Nigtingale and the training of nurses
Definition
Nightingale Endowment Fund for nurse training which was created b england
Term
Where and when did the first Nightingale training school open
Definition
in london, ST. Thomas Hospital 1860
Term
The " Nightingale Plan" became the foundation of nursing education in
Definition
england, canada, and the US for the next century
Term
What does Florence believe passionatly
Definition
that nurses must be trained and have continueing education, and not rely on female caring instinct
Term
Who is considered the founder of professional nursing
Definition
florence nightingale 1800's
Term
The american Civil War took place during what time period
Definition
1861-1865
many plagues took place
no trained nurses, just volunteers
white nurses were paid 12 dollars
black nurses were paid 10 dollars
Term
The Civil war had how many casulties and how did this lead to more advaned nursing
Definition
618,000 dead ( huge number), shortage and deficiencies in care drove home th serious need for trained nurses
Term
what did Louis May Alcott/ Walt Witman do?
Definition
publicized need for trained nurses
Term
what did Dorothea Lynde DIx do
Definition
she organized military hospitals and a corps of nurses. She was not a nurse but a school teacher, and recieved no status or salary for this position
Term
What did Hariet Tubman do
Definition
a black nurse ( "conductor of the underground railroad")
cared for the sick as a nurse in the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina, first woman to lead american troops to battle
Term
clara Barton
Definition
founded American Red Cross
served on the front line duringwar
operated war effort relief program to bring supplys to the battlefield
set up post war service to find missing soldiers
Term
what happened during the post civil war
Definition
Burgeoning of schools based on Nightingales method ( war showed the people the importance of trained nurses)
Exploitation of students
Term
Where did most clinical nurses other than care given by students take place during post civil war times
Definition
public health and private duty areas
Term
What did John D. Rockefeller do
Definition
estblished the first school of nursing for African American women at Atlanta Baptist Seminary
Term
When did states require nurses t become registered before entering practice?
Definition
in the 1900's
Term
Who was the first american trained nurse
Definition
Linda Richards 1872
Term
Who and what year was the first African American Trained nurse
Definition
1879 Mary Mahoney
Term
who was the first public Health nurse, and occupational health services to employees, sliding fee scale originated here as well ( billed according to income)
Definition
Lillian Wald 1893
Term
First nursing professonal organzation president
Definition
Isabel Hampton Robb
Term
when did the primary care for medical move from the home to the hospital
Definition
during WWI
Term
What made the need for nurses improve during WWi
Definition
the global scale conflict
weapons of mass destruction
since the needs for nurses could not be met in both military and civilian sectors the U.S army started its own school of nursing
Term
when did the U.S army start its own school of nursing
Definition
during WWI, the Vassar Camp school for nurses were est. it provided an intense 2 year nursin training mission and would be activated during times of war to meet increases of nrsing needs
Term
Sheppard Towner Act
Definition
passed in 1921 provides fnds to assist the care od special populations. This fnding provided public health care nurses with resources to promote the health and well-being of women, infants, children
Term
FNS?
Definition
Frontier Nursing Services established by Mary Breckenridge of Kentucky; its to provide care to the rural mountain area of Kentucky, est. in a cabin.She documented her work and her women rode on horse back
Term
What happened in 1929
Definition
The great Depression , the stock market crashed
Term
What were the results of the great depression
Definition
mass uemploymet (1/3)
peope could not afford private duty nurses and there were no funds to support voluntary agencies which managed the public health system
- closure of many hospital training programs
-movement of trained nurses back into hospitals
-
Term
what helped nursing out with the great depression
Definition
Roosevelt's new Deal to support hospitals and employ nurses social security act
Term
Social Security Act of 1935
Definition
1 national old age insurace system
2.federal grants to states for materal and child welfare service
3.vocational rehibiltation services for the handicapped
4.medical care for cripple and blind people
5. a plan to strengthen public health services
6. a federal-state unemployment system
Term
What did congress pass during WWII
Definition
legislaion to provide needed fund t expand nursing education
Term
THE GI bill
Definition
allowed returing veterans to complete their interrupted education 1945-1950
Term
when were all 50 states participating in test pool
Definition
1950
Term
The nurse training act
Definition
1943 was th first instance of federal funding being used to support nursing training
Term
The Hill-Burton Act
Definition
or hospital survey and construction act of 1946, marked the largest commitment of federal dollars to health care in the countrys history. The purpos was to provide fundings to construct hositals based on their needs of the community
Term
The community Mental health center act
Definition
1963 provided funds for the construction of community outpatient mental health centers
Term
The social security act title XVIII
Definition
or medicare passed in 1965 . The provide hospital insurace, the medical insurance, to all ages over 65 who ar eligible to recieve social security benefits, people with total disabilities; people with end state renal disease
Term
medicare effected the hospital
Definition
by brining more people in
Term
womans movement 1970
Definition
nurses began to focus on not only providing quality care to patients but also on enhancing te economic benefits of the profession
Term
DRG
Definition
provide universal payment depending on what treatment you got
Term
What happened with nursing during WWII
Definition
as usual not enough nurses
federal funds to pay for nurse training for both military and civilian sectors ( cadet nurse corps)
emergence of nurses aids to help meet shortage
Term
Korean war
Definition
war between north and south korea and the chinese helped
they had MASH ( mobile field hospitals)
field care trama influenced development of intensive care units and emergency development in the civilian sector
Term
Viet nam conflict
Definition
aeromedical evacuation
commissioning of male nurses by army and navy
Term
major overall historical influence on nursing that persist, in some forms to this day
Definition
1. status of women: carng a womens "duty" with no economic reward felt necessary, womens work is lss equl than men
2. religious roots- nursing as a calling; alruism, and self sacrifice, justify low pay and long hours submissin to authority
3. military influence- obedience to authority; autonomy minimized.
Term
accredidation
Definition
voluntary process by which schools of nursing are approved to conduct nursing education programs
Term
advanced practice nurse (APN)
Definition
legal title for nurses prepared by education and competence to perform independant practice
Term
american nurse association
Definition
professional organization that represents all registered nurses
Term
american nurses credentialing center
Definition
ANCC an independant agency of the american nursing association that conducts certification examinations and certifies advanced practice nurses
Term
certification
Definition
process by which nurses are recognized fo advanced education and competence
Term
compact state
Definition
a term of law. In the context of nurse licenture compact, a state that has established an areement with other states allowing nurses to practice within the state without an additional license . They are inacted by the state legislatures
Term
Commission of collegiate nursing education
Definition
CCNE a subsidary of the american association of colleges of nursing (AACN)with responsibility of accrediting baccalaurette and higher degree nursing programs
Term
continues competency program
Definition
a variety of initiatives to ensure nursing knowledge , skills, and expertise beyond initial licensure
Term
grandfathered
Definition
statutory process by which previously licensed persons are included without future action in revisionas or additions in nursing practice act
Term
international council of nursing (ICN)
Definition
professional organization that represents nurses in countries around the world
Term
licensure by endorsement
Definition
the original program whereby nurses licensed in one state see licensure in another without repeat examinations. The requirments are included in state nurse practice acts or accompanying rules or regulations
Term
mandatory continueing education
Definition
educational requirments imposed by individual states for renewal of a license
Term
mutual recognition of nursing
Definition
program developed by national council of state boards of nursing . The nurse licensure compact program est. interstate compacts so that nurses licensed in one jurisdiction may practice in other compact states without duplicate licensure
Term
naional council of state boards of nursing (NCSBN)
Definition
organization whose members consist of of the board of nursing of each state or territoy
Term
national league of nursing (NLN)
Definition
professional organization whose members represent multiple discplines. The national league of nursing conducts many types of programs , including accrediting nursing education programs
Term
nurse practice act
Definition
statute in each state and territory that regulates the practice of nursing
Term
state board of nursing
Definition
appointed board within each state charged with responsibility to administer the nurse practice act of that state
Term
sunset legislation
Definition
statues that provide for revocation of laws if not reviewed and renewed within a specific time period
Term
Clinical nurse leader
Definition
a masters degree educated RN who assumes accountability for client care outcome through the assimilation ans application of research based information to design implemement , and evaluate client plan of care. The CNL is the provider and manager of care at the point of care to individuals and cohorts or populations. The CNL designs, implements and evaluates client care by coordinating, delegating, and supervising the care provided by the health care team, including licensed nurses technichians, and other health professionals.
Term
doctor of nursing practice (DNP)
Definition
a practiced focused doctoral degree in nursing. Degree recommended by the AACN ( american association of colleges of nursing by 2015)
Term
clical nurse specialitst
Definition
CNS an advanced practice nurse who possesses expertise in a defined area of nursing practice for a selected client or population/ clinical setting
Term
who is consideed the founder of organized professional nursing, best known for her contributions to the reforms in the british army medical corps, improved sanitation in india, improved public health in great britian, use of statistics to document health outcomes, and the development of organized training in nurseing
Definition
florence nightingale (1820-1910)
Term
professional nurse
Definition
a specialty trained profesional that addresses the humanistic and holistic needs of patients, families, and enviroments and provided responces to patterns and/or needs of patients, familys, and communities to actual and potential health problems. diverse roles include, health care provider client advocate, educator,care coordinator, primary care practitioner.
Term
more recently nurses around the world are either identified by either a -- or -- identifying that they are graduates of a particular nrsing school
Definition
nursing pins, or caps
Term
do nursing programs contain a record of all graduates?
Definition
yes, this is called the registry of graduate nurses, helps patientsas well as institutions identify graduates of a particular nursing program
Term
what is the primary purpose of licensure
Definition
to protect the public
Term
In 1901
Definition
Term
In 1901 the international council passed a resolution that each state and nation had to do what inorder to improve the safety of the public and mobility of nurses among institutions
Definition
that each state and nation examine and license its nurses
Term
What were the 4 states to first issue a voluntary permissive licensure
Definition
new jersey, north carolina, new york, ad virginia, they were permitted and did not require a lisense
Term
why was it so important that nurses who had only receievd their license be called RN
Definition
because it protected the public from unskilled practioners, and rules that protected the title RN
Term
by what year did all states istitute examinations for permissive licensure?
Definition
1923
Term
the widespread variety of nurse practice acts promoted the ANA and NCSBN to design what
Definition
model nurse practice acts, this provides a template for states to follow
Term
the model nurse practice act
Definition
composed of many sections including a definition of nursing and the scope and practice for RN, descriptions of advanced practice nursing, nursing education, compact guidelines, and processes for diciplinary actions for nurses who violate sections of the act
Term
Does each state have a nurse practice act, if so what does it address
Definition
yes, they address the needs of that jurisdiction, each included a section described in the model act. MAKE SURE TO CHECK THE STATE YOU HAVE YOUR LISENCE IN !!( contact state board of nursing)
Term
what came first examination of nurses or mandatory licensure
Definition
examination then mandatory licensure then standardized testing
Term
what was the first state to require mandatory licensure?
Definition
new york
Term
when was the first state test pool examination , the first NCLEX
Definition
1950 and 1982
Term
the NCLEX is formated in what way
Definition
a nursing process way
Term
T or F each state developed rules and regulations to govern the practice practice of nursing within that state
Definition
true, and all contain comparable information because they are based off the model act provided by the ANA
Term
What is the purpose of the nurse practice act
Definition
they include two : statements that refer to protecting the health and safety of the citizens in its jurisdiction and second to protect the title of RN ( meeting the requirements to practice)
Term
Does each state establish laws regualting practice within its borders and it is very important we are aware of them?
Definition
yes
Term
what is another reason it is highly important to know the laws within your jurisdition
Definition
because frequently nurses are asked to perform in ways that are beyond the legal definition of nursing . This is illegal and if the nurse complies, he or she could loose her privaledges to practice nursing
Term
what is required to apply for a licensure
Definition
graduation from a highschool and an accredidation nursing program;must submit evidence of graduation;possibly a statement regarding he physical and mental health status;provisions related to drug abuse,a statement from the school of nursing attending the eligibility for the candidate to licensure, successfully complete the NCLEX-RN
Term
are temorary permits still available for nurses moving from one jurisdiction t another
Definition
yes
Term
to obtain a license to practice in another state the nurse applys for
Definition
licensure by endorsementby sending a letter to the second state board of nursing , in addition they need proof of their current license and any restrictions regaurding it; if your state is part of the nursing compact act you just contact the state board of nursing to determine procedures to do
Term
What is the deal with license renewal
Definition
all the information regaurding the requirments and info is in the nursing practice act, defines length of time license valid (usually 2-3 years), as well as any specific requirments in order to renewal
Term
mandatory continueing education ranges from
Definition
20 to 40 hours over a 2-3 weeks period
Term
membership of the board of nursing are appointed by
Definition
the governor's office; interested individuals or organization, such as the state nurses' association, may submit names to the govenor for considerations
Term
what are the duties of the board of the board of nursing
Definition
through the board that nursing licenses are granted and renewed and disciplinary action taken when provisions of the act are violated; they address concerns about a nurse's practice ans assignes appropriate dicipline ( restriction,revocation,suspension)
Term
Military and goverment nurses
Definition
u.s public health service employs thousands of nurses, who serve in many jurisdictions outside of the U.S, and as an employee of the United states goverment , he or she may practice in other jurisdictions without additional licensure requirments.
Term
Foreign Nurse graduates
Definition
more than 400,000 nurses practicing in the U.S completed their nursing education in another country, but they are required to take the NCLEX-RN exam and and a special examination given by the commission of graduates of foreign nurses given in english.
Term
International practice
Definition
in order to practice internationally you must contact your international council of nurses or nrsing regulatory board of the country; must submit documentation of education,NCLEX-RN results, and a copy of licensure.
Term
Nursing practice acts are written and pased by
Definition
legislature
Term
Many people are involved/ concerned with the legislation descisions on the nurse practicing acts because the way nurses practice effects ( physicians,CNA,emergency personal,pharmacists) so it is passed to represent what
Definition
the aims and concerns of many idividuals and groups, NOT ONLY NURSES
Term
sunset legislation are entended to
Definition
ensure that legislation is current and reflects the needs of the public, the act must be reviewed by a certain date , if act is not renewed it is rescinded; allows them to be consistant with nusing practice; describes authority of advanced practice nurses
Term
what establishes the legal defiitions of apprpriate delegation practices
Definition
nurses practice acts of individual states
Term
nurses practicing in a NLC states are responsible for following the laws and regulations of each state in which they practice, but dont have to apply for multiple individual state licenses
Definition
true
Term
what is the difference between licensure and certification
Definition
licensure establishes minimal levels of practice, certification recognizes evidence in practice; and licnesure is granted and governed by goverment certification is awarded by nongovermental agencies.
Term
certification id legally required
Definition
false, voluntary, programs vary in length but do not offer a master's course of study
Term
if you want a certification you should contact
Definition
the ANCC american nurse credidential center, and the organisation your wishing to practice at
Term
occupation
Definition
any acticity engaged in to earn a living
Term
vocation
Definition
individual is uniquly suited
Term
profession (9)
Definition
-rigorous formal education
-intellectual rather than physical
-practical rather than theoretical
-services vital to society
-public service over financial gain;altruism
-high degree of autonomy and control
-responsibility and accountability
-self-policed code of ethics
-specialized body of knowledge gained via research
Term
are all professions occupations
Definition
yes but not all occupations are professions
Term
so what about nursing
Definition
education- high school diploma, and nursing school degree
autonomy-responsible for your own actions
Term
credentials
Definition
written documents evidencing competence
Term
what are three credentials for nursing
Definition
-degree/diploma-attests completion of course study
-license:legal credentials issued by the goverment -"police power"
-registration: listing of information with the goverment, not quite the same as licesure
Term
permissive licesure vs. Mandatory
Definition
permissive came first, and wasnt not mandatory by the states but if you did not have a license than you could not be considered an RN not it is required to get a license before you can practice.
Term
licensure today requires what 4 things
Definition
graduation from approval program
payment of a fee with periodic renewal
passing a standardized exam (NCLEX)
evidence of continued competence ( SOME states)
Term
purpose of the licensure
Definition
is for protection of the public and not protection of your status
Term
state board of nursing issues
Definition
nursing practice act
Term
nursing practice act does what 5 things
Definition
-establishes the board
-defines nursing
-gives power to grant license
-gives power to approve nursing programs
-gives power to deny or revoke licenses and otherwise disicpline nurses( for conviction of a serious crime,gross negligence or incompetence,failure to renewal license while still practicing, substance abuse)
Term
institutional licensure
Definition
a license given for 2-3 years for a specific institution
Term
multistate recognition model
Definition
you do not have to apply for a different licenture, but people dont like this because every state has a differnt nursing act and most nurses dont get up to date, and it does not earn the state any money
Term
certification(5)
Definition
-excellence/special expertise rather than minimal copetency
-not granted by goverment (unlike license)
-usually not required by law
-like license, usually requires and exam, and prossibly experience in a specialty
-american nurses credintialing center (ANCC)
Term
problems with certification
Definition
-lack of reward for certification
-lack of agreement about what it means
-plethora of "certifying bodies"
- potential conflict of interest( if people who grant the certification are the same as the people who trained you)
Term
accreditations
Definition
approval of hospitals, healthcare organizations, educational institutes, or educational programs
Term
What are three main accreditations
Definition
-joint commission on accreditation of healthcare organizations (JCAHO)
-national league of nursing(NLN): schools of nursing
-state board of nursing : continuing education (CE) providers
Term
JCAHO
Definition
joint commission of accreditation of health care organisations
Term
nursing professional organizations help encourage
Definition
prime characteristic of professions
Term
what is the problem with nursing professional organizations
Definition
-lack of "unified voice"
-large number of seperate organizations; many specialty based
-apathy-less than 1/2 of nurses belong to any at all
Term
American Nurses association is local, state , and national
Definition
true
Term
what is the purpose of the ANA
Definition
advance the profession
influence legislation (ANA-PAC)
collective bargaining
Term
National league of Nursing (NLN) is made up of
Definition
nurses, non-nurses, educational institutions,and even organization can join
Term
what is the main purpose of the national league of nursing (NLN)
Definition
main purpose is advancing nursing education with accridations of schools, and achievement testing
Term
Does the national league of nursing support all levels of nursing education
Definition
yes
Term
who can join the American Association of college of nursing
Definition
only deans and directors of baccalaureate schools of nursing can join
Term
who is preparing to compete with NLN to accredit baccalaureate programs
Definition
American Association of Colleges of Nursing
Term
what is the nursing honor society
Definition
Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI)
Term
speciality organizations tend to be focused around what three areas
Definition
*clinical specialty-(association of operating room nurses,american association of critical care nurses)
* Ethnicity (national black nurses association, national hispanic nursing association)
*religious affiliation(nurses christian fllowship)
Term
what percent of nurses are found to be chemically dependant
Definition
6-8%
Term
Where you take the NCLEX can effect where you get your licesne
Definition
false
Term
why could the multistate recognition throw up a contriversal arguement
Definition
This would help locate people in one state, because it would allow you to create a universal data base
Who is responsible for disapline
Florida is worried about them losing money
• The state of Virginia said they would loose 250000 a year in license fees
• States rights- because you are giving state right control over people who are going into another state
• Florida state has their own constitution and the way that this pact is written might be unconstitutional to avide by the compact constitution
Term
Who establishes nursing standards
Definition
–Government (esp. State Boards of Nursing)
-Nursing professional organizations
Term
Nursing standards
Definition
•The “yardstick” by which the quality of nursing care is measured”
Term
competency outcomes
Definition
the results, or end products, of planned study and experience that are focused on specific abilities required for practice
Term
contemporary issues
Definition
the problem, the changes, and concerns that are current for the present time
Term
core competencies
Definition
the essential cluster of abilities and skills required for competent nursing practice
Term
educational mobility
Definition
the progressive movement from one type or level of education to another, often based on flexible, self-directed, or advanced placement options. examples are progression from a diploma preparation to an academic degree, such as RN-BSN or MSN, or non nursing degree to BSN
Term
what is has lead to a major confusion of the public, employers, and even nurses regarding the nursing education program
Definition
multiple entry points to nursing
Term
regardless of the program type graduates take the same exam, do the same job, and are hired at same salary.
Definition
true
Term
what were diploma program influenced by
Definition
war experiences, and they descending from the "Nightingale model"
Term
where and when was the first U.S Diploma program?
Definition
New England Hospital 1872
Term
what are some of the characteristics of the U.S Diploma program
Definition
they were called practitioners- the first 3 or 4 months you did remedial tasks (folding non educational activities)while your teachers judged to see if you had what it takes
-many religious/monastic influences
-rigorous disicpline- women had to be in by 11a.m
-apprentice training; not education ( once you survived the practitioner phase you got to wear your nursing cap).
-very few lectures
-explosion as cheap labor-(they thought they could just use students in the hospitals w/o having to pay an actual nurse so nurses went to the public)
-there was a rush to establish schools-700 nursing students in that decade
-
Term
nightingale said whoever ran the hospital had to be seperate from those who ran the nursing school
Definition
true
Term
why were there no jobs in hospitals for diploma graduates
Definition
because the hospital was using the nursing students and abusing their privaledge to work for free
Term
what were the three 20th century nursing educatiion influences
Definition
effects of WWI
Brown report (1948)
NLN accreditations standards
Term
what was the brown report
Definition
Esther Lucille Brown(not a nurse)- was a social anthropologist. She had an interest in nursing , she saw it as an opportunity to open a best quality womens profession. She thought the programs available were not providing a proffessional education. She said ditch being an apprentice ( the learning by doing along side someone else), encouraged education system for higher learning
Term
The brown report sparked the
Definition
NLN accreditation standards
Term
what is the first accreditation program
Definition
NLN accreditation standards
Term
NLN accreditation standards
Definition
says that if your school wants creditation that they are going to have to prove to us that everything the students do is based off of education
Term
What is a resukt of the 20th century influences on the Diploma program
Definition
schools go from being profitable to becoming major economic liabilities, and the diploma programs begin to fade
Term
diploma programs today
Definition
1952 went down from 1300 to 75, and they purly operate for educational purposes, and education mobility is a problem for them if they decide to go on
Term
how are the diploma programs few in number
Definition
only 5% of degrees and 75 left
Term
do diploma programs fully meet accereditation standards
Definition
yes, but often affiliated with institutions of higher learning, but mobility and portiability of credits sometimes a serious problem
Term
how long are diploma programs
Definition
27-36 calendar months
Term
AD programs
Definition
associate degree programs
Term
what 3 factors lead to a rise in community college system
Definition
from the effects of WWII, and demanded for technicaly capable workers in new industries
(goverement issues GI bill to help returning vets pay and go to school)
Term
what was a main goal in the AD program
Definition
to allow everybody a chance to go to college. They did not look at GPA, they just looked at your high school diploma
Term
what lead to the start of the AD program relating to a nursing shnortage
Definition
baby boom
Term
what helped with paying for the AD program by the military
Definition
cadet nurse program during the war- which said we will pay you to go to school and to continue your education in college if you give me 4 years of your service
Term
mildred montag
Definition
died 5 years ago, she had a doctorette in education at teachers college in columbia university (first doctorette program). Her subject for her research was nursing shortages, she had the idea to start to AD program at community colleges. She was given money and made an A.A program
Term
when was the first AD program
Definition
1952; which lead to an explosive growth- produced the majority of nuew nurses today
Term
Approximately how many AD prgrams are in the U,S
Definition
1000, and more AD grads than BSN grads
Term
What are the impacts and concerns about the AD program
Definition
-intended to prepare grads for hospital-basic practice
- impact on diversity as a profession ( allowed people who are brought up in a bd enviroment a chance)
-have to take same NCLEX_RN as everyone else
- had to fit entire curriculum in 2 years
-selective admissions
- shift of nursing to the community
Term
what percent of american have bachelors degrees
Definition
49%
Term
where are BSN's located
Definition
in 4 year colleges and universities
Term
can bachelors be "pre-licensure" (generic) or RN-BSN
Definition
yes
Term
IN addition to AD/diploma graduates content what is added for a bachelors program
Definition
course work in health promotion/ maintenance, disease prevention, leadership, introduction to research, and community/ public health
Term
what were the two early program of a bachelors
Definition
-first program in a university setting was in U. Minnasota in 1909 ( not really an differnt from the diploma programs of the day and grade did not recieve BS degree
- Yale U. 1924 - first program to actually grant a degree, Annie W.Goodrich
Term
who was the first person to recieve their bachelors from yale
Definition
Annie W. Goodrich 1924
Term
What lead to the slow growth of the BSN program
Definition
many thought nursing ( practical/technical) was not worthy of being in a university
- many thought women didnt need a liberal education
-physicians were against it
- didnt finally tke off untilafter WwII
Term
whatwere the issues and challanges with the BSN program
Definition
- expensive ( low student:faculty ratio in clinical setting)
-nursing faculty have difficulty finding time for research andscholarly pursuits needed to remain competitive with other university faculty
-scarcity od clinical sites as hospital beds decrease
Term
BSN programs may be better positioned than AD programs as they do much of their clinicals in the community
Definition
Trues
Term
practical nursing (LPN/LVN)started when
Definition
they had short training courses in YWCA setting -100 years ago
Term
how many format programs of LPN's were in the 1930's
Definition
11
Term
when did practical nursing see a huge growth
Definition
with WWII nursng shortages
Term
practical nurses had a permissive licensure intil the 50's or 60's
Definition
true, they were "waviered" LPN's they had to work under an RN
Term
today does the practical nurses have to pass the NCLEX-RN
Definition
yes
Term
what is the practical nurse curriculum
Definition
9-12 months; focuses on psychomotor skills "how", not "why"
Term
Except in nursing homes clinical nurses have to work under direct supervision of RN or MD
Definition
true
Term
Certified Nursing Assistant CNA
Definition
people without formal training have been used for years to assist with caregiving
Term
CNA have always been given the majority of hands on care in a nursing home
Definition
true
Term
what happened in 1987 reguarding CNAs
Definition
Omnitus Budget reconciliation ACt (OBRA) required completion os approved training course (vice "OJT")
Term
In florida CNA's are under the jurisdiction of who
Definition
the board of nursing
Term
CNA's function under who and what are their activities
Definition
RN or LPN
activities include hygeine, vital signs,assistance with eating,assisting with mobility
Term
When did th ANA positon paper take place
Definition
1965
Term
what 3 things did the ANA position paper state
Definition
all nursing education should take place in institutions of higher learning
-BSN minimum preparation for enterance into professionl nursing
-AD minimum preparation for begininning "techinical nuring"
Term
why was the ANA position state very controversial for AD and diploma programs
Definition
-AD'/Diploma pointed out that they take the same exam for licensure
-The said they consider themselves "proffesionals"
Term
NLN does not support the ANA position paper
Definition
true
Term
What were the results of the huge contriversal arguement regaurding the ANA position paper
Definition
only one state North Dakota has implememnted recommendations in Position paper since changes in 2004, and there are current efforts to reverse
Term
grandfathering issue
Definition
the issue of carrying over nurses when new provissions are made so they do not have to stop their career and start all over again
Term
Graduate nursing education include
Definition
masters degree program- usually for specalty, and have been around almost as long as BSN
Term
what % of nurses have MSN as of 2008 ( up to 9.1% in 1996)
Definition
12
Term
BSN=--- degree
MSN=--- degree
Definition
generalist
specialist
Term
until the late 70's most MS degrees focued on
Definition
preparing educators/ administrators
Term
what was the 70's and 80's masters degree's main focus
Definition
clinical specialists
Term
what is the most recent focus for MSN degrees
Definition
on education for advance practice (ARNP)
Term
what s the new MSN program
Definition
cliical nurse leader
Term
generic MSN
Definition
entry to practice degree for people with bachelors degreesi in another field (generalist degree)
Term
how long are MSN
Definition
most 2 years in length
Term
what are most doctoral education programs
Definition
mostly generate programs with emphasis on research competency
Term
the majority of Doctoral degrees are employed
Definition
in universities, although new opportunities are opening up
Term
At first nurses got doctorals in other fields besides nursing
Definition
true, now since 1980's most nurses get doctoral in nursing
Term
generic doctorate
Definition
entry into practice for non-nursesd with a masters degree, ONLY THREE PROGRAMS EXIST
Term
A few influential leaders think doctorate should be minimum requirments for entry into practice, most dont agree. Doubtful this will be considered given worse nursing shotages
Definition
true
Term
5 major influences on the development of nursing education
Definition
1. responsivness of profession in dealing with reoccuring shortages-no action taken to limit supply in order to gain economic leverage
2. Public outcry during shortages because of the crucial importance of illness care
3. exploitation of hospital indusrty
4. nursing as a "women profession"
5. large number of nurses dilute imporance of any one
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