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| The lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire self-identity and the phsycial, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society. |
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| The systematic study of how biology affects social behavior |
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| Sigmund Freud's term for the component of personality that includes all of the individual's basic biological drives and needs that demand immediate gratification. |
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| According to Freud, human development occurs in these three states that reflect different levels of the personality |
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| According to Sigmund Freud, the rational, reality-oriented component of personality that imposes restrictions on the innate pleasure-seeking drives of the id. |
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| Sigmund Freud's term for the conscience, consisting of the moral and ethical aspects of personality. |
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| Piaget 4 Stages of Cognitive Development |
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Sensorimotor stage(birth-2)
Preoperational stage(2-7)
Concrete operational stage (7-11)
Formal operational stage (12-adolescence) |
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| Lawrence Kohlberg moral reasoning into 3 sequential levels: |
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Preconventional level ( 7-10)
Conventional level ( 10- adulthood)
Postconventional level ( few adults reach this stage) |
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| Children's perceptions are based on punishment and obedience. |
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| People are most concerned with how they are perceived by their peers and with how one conforms to rules |
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| People view morality in terms of individual rights; "Moral conduct" is judged by principles based on human rights that transcend government and laws |
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| birth-2- During this stage children only understand through sensori contact & immediate action because they cannot engage through symbolic thought or use of language. |
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| (2-7)Children use words as mental symbols and to form mental images. However, they are limited to problem solving, logical thinking, or to realize physical objects may change in shape or appearance while still retaining their physical properties. |
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| Concrete operational stage |
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| 7-11- Children begin to take roles of others and start to empathize. They think in terms of tangible objects and actual events. They can draw conclusions about the likely physical consequences of an action without having to try the action out. |
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| 12-adolescence) By this stage, adolescents are able to engage in highly abstract thought and understand places, things, and events they have never seen. They can think about the future and evaluate different options or courses of action. |
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| The totality of our beliefs and feelings about ourselves. |
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| Name 4 components make up our self concept |
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| 1)physical self (2) the active self (3) the social self (4) the psychological self |
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| According to Sociologist Charles Horton Cooley- refers to the way in which a person's sense of self is derived from the perceptions of others. |
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| George Herbert Mead's idea of self concept- the process by which a person mentally assumes the role of anotheer person or group in order to understand the world from that person's or group's point of view. |
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| Meads "Me" takes from during the 3 stages of self-development |
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Preparatory stage-3
Play stage 3-5
Game stage early school years |
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| Mead's term for the child's awareness of the demands and expectations of the society as a whole or of the child's subculture |
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| the persons, groups, or institutions that teach us that we need to know in order to participate in society. |
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