Term
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
1. Senorimotor |
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Definition
0-2 years
Develops object permanence
Awareness of cause and effect
Imitates others' actions |
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Definition
2 - 6 years
Egocentric
Language & mental representations
Single characteristic classification |
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Term
Piaget
3. Concrete Operations |
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Definition
6-12 years
Conservation of volume & length
Ordered categorization
Comprehension of terms of comparison
Begins to use simple logic |
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Term
Piaget
4. Formal Operations |
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Definition
12 + years
Abstract, symbolic thinking
Develops reasoning skills |
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Term
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Definition
Stranger Anxiety = fearful of strangers
Separation Anxiety = fear of separation from primary caregiver
Prolonged separation reults in protest, despair, and detachment |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
0-2 years
Greedy, mistrustful |
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Term
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Definition
2-3 years
Anal Retentive
Aggressive |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Erikson's Stages
1. Trust vs Mistrust |
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Definition
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Term
Erikson
2. Autonomy vs Shame |
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Definition
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Term
Erikson
3. Initiative vs Guilt |
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Definition
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Term
Erikson
4. Industry vs Inferiority |
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Definition
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Term
Erikson
5. Identity vs Role Confusion |
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Definition
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Term
ERikson
6. Intimacy vs Isolation |
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Definition
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Term
Erikson
7. Generativity vs Stagnation |
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Definition
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Term
Erikson
8. Ego Integrity vs Despair |
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Definition
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Term
Stages of Moral Development - Kohlberg
1. pre-conventional |
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Definition
Avoids punishment
Satisfying personal need is good |
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Term
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Definition
Follows social norms
Respects law & social order |
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Term
Kohlberg
3. Post-Conventional |
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Definition
Social law contract; society's values determine right and wrong
Universal ethical principle; acts according to self imposed morals |
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Term
Kohlberg
4. "Heinz Story" assesses moral level |
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Definition
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Term
| Jung's Personality Theory |
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Definition
1. Introversion/extraversion
2. Sensing/intuition
3. Thinking/feeling
4. Judgment/perception |
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Term
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs |
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Definition
1. Physiological needs
2. Safety
3. Belonging
4. Self-esteem
5. Self-actualization |
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Term
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Definition
1. Date rape
2. Abuse & violence
3. Suicide & self harm
3. Acute medical problems including HIV/AIDS |
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Term
| 4 Step Crisis Intervention Model |
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Definition
1. Listen: establish therapeutic relationship
Identify problem & explore emotions
2. Assessment: Determine severity of crisis
Assess potential danger to self or others
Identify possible support resources
Determine perception of reality
Discuss cultural beliefs
3. Treatment Plan: modify/eliminate past coping skills
Have client sign a treatment "contract"
Begin with being nondirective, be collaborative, moving towards being directive with client
4. Termination: review progress, expand client resources and support
Schedule follow up session |
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Term
Farmer
Aladdin
Raises
Expensive
Apples
From
India |
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Definition
Feelings: Attend to the client's feelings
Assess: Evaluate the client's situation
Refer: Find other services for the client
Educate: Instruct the client
Advocate: Support the client
Facilitate: Assist the process of the client
Intervene: Mediate for the client
(In this order) |
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Term
Interviewing Techniques
1. Open Questioning
2. Closed questions |
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Definition
1. Open questions
help explore issues and helps client talk longer
2. Yes, No, or one word answers
leads to short, focused answers |
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Term
Interviewing
3. Reflection |
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Definition
| Demonstrates the therapist has an empathetic understanding of the client |
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Term
Interviewing
4. Paraphrasing |
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Definition
Rephrase what client says
Ensure that client and therapist understand each other |
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Term
Interviewing
5. Encouragement |
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Definition
Brief responses, head nods
Lead client to explore more in-depth |
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Term
Interviewing
6. Clarifications |
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Definition
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Term
Interviewing
7. Confrontations |
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Definition
Call client out on discrepancies
Often used with substance abusers to break denial |
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Term
Interviewing
8. Self-Disclosure |
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Definition
Sharing personal experiences relating to session
Helps client feel more comfortable and become more open
Therapist needs to be careful not to cross boundaries |
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Term
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Definition
Provides therapist and client time to process events
Promotes introspection |
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Term
Interviewing
10. Summarization |
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Definition
Connects several topics and feelings
Calls attention to familiar theme from multiple messages |
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Term
| Moral Foundations for Ethical Codes |
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Definition
1. Non-malfeasance: Therapist will do no harm
2. Autonomy: People are allowed the freedom of choice
3. Justice: People should be treated fairly
4. Fidelity: Therapist must honor committments and foster trust
5. Beneficence: Promote good |
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Term
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Definition
| client projects feelings toward others onto the therapist |
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Term
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Definition
| Therapist projects feelings onto client |
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Term
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Definition
| force painful feelings into the unconscious |
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Term
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Definition
| retreat to earlier stage of development |
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Term
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Definition
| assign socially acceptable motive to irrational behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| assign unnacceptable thoughts onto someone else |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer emotion to a second, less threatening person |
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Term
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Definition
| channel inappropriate impulses into socially acceptable behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| express opposite of actual desires |
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Term
kubler-ross
stages of death and dying |
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Definition
1. denial
2. anger
3. bargaining
4. depression
5. acceptance |
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Term
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Definition
1. document that tells client specifics of therapy
2. client signs form to consent to therapy
3. client must be given full disclosure |
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Term
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Definition
Ethical obligation to keep content from counselling sessions private
2. Exceptions to confidentiality:
-Mandatory to report suspicion of child abuse or neglect
-if the client will cause harm to self or others |
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Term
| Professional Disclosure Statement |
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Definition
1. therapists education/qualifications
2. Describes nature of therapeutic process
3. Procedures and goals of therapy
4. Benefits of therapy
5. Potential risks to client
6. Consequences of refusing treatment
7. Possibility of terminating treatment at any time
8. Fee disclosure
9. Possible alternatives |
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Term
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Definition
| behaviors, values, feelings, that are in harmony with the needs and goals of the ego |
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