Term
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Definition
| A set of abstract and general statements which answer the question why and explain the empirical world (the reality know to us through our senses) |
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Term
| What are the three uses of theory? |
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Definition
1. Explanation and prediction
2. To guide scientific research
3. Direction to SW plan of action |
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Term
T/F
Theories are sociallyy constructed and ideological;and gives credibility to a profession |
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Definition
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Term
T/F A good theory:
1. Is not testable
2. Fits the evidence of research
3. is internally consistent
4. cannot reconcile opposing facts
5. can sensitize us to new or forgotten areas of inquiry |
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Definition
1.False; A good theory is testable
2.True
3.True
4.False
5.True |
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Term
| Describe the cycle between theory and research. |
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Definition
| Theory-Hypothesis-Observations-Empirical Generalizations |
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Term
| Can a theory be value-free? |
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Definition
| No because we have our own belief of what is right and wrong. |
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Term
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Definition
| The nature of human nature |
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Term
| What is a Marxian view of ontology? |
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Definition
| behavior becomes a product of the environment and humans are genuinely good. |
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Term
| What is a Hobbesian view of human nature |
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Definition
| Humans are self-serving and hedonistic |
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Term
| What is the ontological assumption that says there is no innate single quality that is numan nature; humans adapt to the environment |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| society is possible because people share a core set of values |
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Term
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Definition
| there is no core set of values; those with power keep it. |
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Term
| What type of assumptions are consensus and conflict? |
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Definition
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Term
| Two epistemological assumptions |
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Definition
| Positivism and social constructionism |
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Term
| Searches for underlying laws of human behavior; objective-research is quantitative/empirical |
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Definition
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Term
| Social Construction(Berger and Luckman) |
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Definition
| meaning is socially constructed; subjective-research is qualitative |
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Term
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Definition
| abstract and general; explains structure of large entities. |
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Term
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Definition
| explains smaller components of social reality; less abstract and more testable |
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Term
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Definition
| concrete and specific, more testable; |
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Term
T/F
Meso explains societies, cultures, and communities. |
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Definition
| False; it explains interactions between people, groups, and organizations |
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Term
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Definition
| We are a product of biological factors |
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Term
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Definition
| We are product of our socializations |
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Term
T/F
Drugs, medical upbringing and religion are all examples of external forces influencing determinism. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the happy medium between free will(human agency) and determinism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three problems encountered in theories? |
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Definition
Reductionism
Tautological reasoning
Vague concepts such as love |
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Term
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Definition
| reducing the explanation of human behavior to a single cause |
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Term
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Definition
| When the conclusion is used to support the premise. |
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Term
| What are the 5 major systems-based theories? |
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Definition
1. Structural Functionalism
2. Ecological Perspective
3. General (Dynamic) Sys theory
4. Deep Ecology
5. Ecofeminism |
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Term
| What two types of societies did Tonnies identify |
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Definition
Gemeinschaft (agrarian)
Gesellschaft (larger industrial) |
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Term
| What two types of societies did Durkheim differentiate between? |
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Definition
Organic (like gesellschaft)
mechanical (gemainschaft) |
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Term
| What two types of societies did Maine differentiate between? |
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Definition
Society governed by its actors (like mechanical)
Society governed by the contrast between actors (like organic) |
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Term
T/F
Tonnies, Durkheim, and Maine were micro-sociologically oriented. |
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Definition
| False. The were macro-sociologically oriented. They believed the structure of society influenced human behavior. |
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Term
| What did Max Weber study? |
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Definition
| The way people reacted in different environments. |
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Term
| What ladid the groundwork for functionalist though and how? |
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Definition
| Organicism; making analogies between the way biological and social systems operate. |
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Term
| What is call the "order paradigm" and why? |
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Definition
| ?Social systems? because it focuses on cohesion, consensus and integration. |
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Term
| Who was considered the founding father of functionalism? What did he believe? |
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Definition
| Malinowski; human experience the same everywhere but social structure unique. |
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Term
| Who beieved that living systems are characterized by development, creativity, and transformation? |
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Definition
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Term
| The process by which a system copes with external demands by securing the necessary resources from the environment |
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Definition
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Term
| System's ability to maintain balance without input from the environment |
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Definition
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Term
| The tendency of systems to maintain and sustain themselves. |
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Definition
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Term
| Systems are dependent on one another and thus a change in one system will lead to a change in other systems. |
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Definition
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