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Social Studies - Unit 1 - Chapter 4
The Exchange of Ideas
36
Social Studies
8th Grade
12/11/2017

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Term
Galileo Galilei
Definition
Confirmed theories of a sun-centered universe. Was charged with heresy and forced to say he was incorrect. Put on house arrest.
Term
What is the Scientific Method?
Definition
Questioning and experimenting based on evidence. Helped make advances during the Renaissance. The church frown upon this method because it was likely to go against the church's teachings.
Term
Ptolemy
Definition
Introduced the idea of a universe. His theory was earth-centered.
Term
Copernicus
Definition
Built off of old Greek theories. Introduced the idea of a sun-centered universe.
Term
Kepler
Definition
Built on Copernicus' ideas for 20 years. He also discovered earth orbits the sun in an ovular motion.
Term
What did medicine base on before the Renaissance?
Definition
It was based on astrology, superstition, bloodletting, and leeches. It wasn't very scientific and wasn't based on facts. They believed that every disease on earth had a cure on earth.
Term
What did medicine base on after the Renaissance?
Definition
It was based on actual anatomy. There was a big growth in knowledge about surgery and anatomy because of the legalization of dissection.
Term
What did Andreas Vesalius do?
Definition
He dissected bodies in front of a class to learn about anatomy.
Term
What did Leonardo Da Vinci think about mathematics?
Definition
That it was the base to understanding everything.
Term
Who used mathematics in their daily lives?
Definition
People like painters, sculptors, engineers, architects, and musicians used math for their arts.
Term
Who was Isabelle D'este
Definition
She was a woman with a good classical education. She married a Duke and when he was busy she took over the military.
Term
Who was Machiavelli?
Definition
He wrote a book about the best way to govern. He believed that you should do what was best for the state regardless of whether it was right or wrong or if people agreed. It was and still is controversial
Term
What is a Machiavellian
Definition
A person that seeks power at all costs
Term
Heresy
Definition
Going against the church's teachings
Term
Who was Savonarola?
Definition
He was a monk and belonged to the dominican order. He tried to work against the corruption of the church. He led a bonfire of vaninities, burning every possesion that kept people away from god
Term
Martin Luther
Definition
German monk. He wanted to go by the bible instead of the church. Did not agree with the church selling indulgences. A judge banned his works. He went into hiding
Term
Protestant Reformation
Definition
Martin Luther didn't agree with the church so he started a Lutheran church. Which practiced the Protestant beliefs.
Term
The Catholic Counter-Reformation
Definition
The catholic church lost many people to protestants. The church looked over their ways and altered it a bit. New religions were made to help convert people to the catholic church.
Term
Platonic Academy
Definition
The Medici family had one in Florence. Humanist gathered to discussed ancient Greek ideas
Term
What happened at Universities?
Definition
They taught students. The students would go home and teach what they had learned
Term
What did celebraties like Leonardo Da Vinci do to teach younger artists?
Definition
Wherever they traveled, they taught people. Some taught by letter.
Term
Gutenburg
Definition
He invented the printing press
Term
Why was the printing press important in Renaissance times
Definition
More efficient than doing it by hand and cheaper to print on paper than on parchment. Many people were illiterate in the middle, and lower class. Eventually, they were available to the middle and higher class. (written in vernacular languages)
Term
Allegory
Definition
A deeper message within (used in paintings)
Term
anatomy
Definition
Studying the structure of the body
Term
astronomy
Definition
The study of space.
Term
astrology
Definition
The study of space and its effect on humans daily lives.
Term
perspective
Definition
Using shadowing and highlighting to give dimension to an art piece.
Term
excommunication
Definition
excluding someone from something that has to do with the Catholic Church.
Term
disseminates
Definition
spreads
Term
Vanities
Definition
Any object that keeps people away from god
Term
Indulgences
Definition
certificates that reduced the time people would be punished for their sins after their death
Term
Reformation
Definition
change or re-make something
Term
Manuscripts
Definition
Something written by hand instead of being typed
Term
Scribe
Definition
someone who copies things like documents, or books.
Term
vernacular
Definition
the language that is locally spoken
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