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        | narrow passage linking two larger bodies of water |  | 
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        | painting or an image of a holy person |  | 
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        | founder of a tribe or family |  | 
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        | person who has no settled home and moves |  | 
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        | religious or other person who claims to carry the message of God |  | 
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        | migration in A.D. 622 of muslims from Mecca to Yathrib |  | 
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        | Man who calls all Muslims to prayer by chanting |  | 
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        | a month in Islamic calendar which all muslims fast from sunrise to sunset |  | 
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        | Islamic ruler between 600s and 1200s |  | 
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        | Someone who supports others or arts |  | 
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        | Acceptance of other religions |  | 
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        | Byzantine emperor who reorganized government |  | 
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        | Capital city of modern Russia |  | 
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        | City located on both the European and Asian side of the Bosporus |  | 
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        | Capital city of modern Italy |  | 
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        | City and major sea port in northern Italy |  | 
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        | Prophet of Islam who proclaimed the message of God |  | 
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        | First wife of the prophet Muhammad |  | 
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        | City in western Saudi Arabia |  | 
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        | City in western Saudi Arabia |  | 
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        | Smaller groupof the split Muslim empire who believed their leader should be a direct descendant of muhammad |  | 
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        | Larger group  who believe their leader can be any muslim |  | 
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        | Spanish born Medieval Philosopher |  | 
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        | Capital of muslim empire during Islam's golden age: Capital city of present day Iraq |  | 
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        | Area of gently rolling land covered by grasses, ocassional trees, and thorny bushes |  | 
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        | Area of vegetation fed by underground springs |  | 
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        | Group of families who trace their roots to the same ansestor |  | 
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        | Smaller region within a country or empire |  | 
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        | City that has its own independent government |  | 
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        | Culture and language of the people of Kilwa |  | 
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        | Years between ancient and modern times (AD 500-1500) |  | 
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        | System of power in Europe during middle ages ;kings and queens, nobles, knights,and peasents |  | 
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        | Man who promised to be loyal to his landowner |  | 
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        | Able to supply ones needs |  | 
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        | Peasent in medieval europe |  | 
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        | Persons ordained to perform certain religious duties |  | 
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        | To prevent someone from taking part in church life |  | 
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        | Association of all people in a town or village |  | 
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        | Unpaid worker who is being trained in a craft |  | 
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        | Noble qualities that knights were to have : bravery, loyalty, and doing heroic deeds to win the love of a worthy women |  | 
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        | Traveling performer who wandered from place to place |  | 
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        | Several military expedition |  | 
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        | community that shares a government and sometimes a language and culture |  | 
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        | "Great Charter" an agreement between King John and his nobles |  | 
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        | Council that advised the english king or queen in government matters |  | 
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        | King of Franks who conqured much of western Europe |  | 
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        | Small ordinar man who tried to create an army to fight the crusades |  | 
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        | small region at the eastern edge of Mediterranean |  | 
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        | Capital city of modern Israel |  | 
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        | reigned from AD 1073 - 1085 Considered Great |  | 
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        | King of Germany and holy Roman Empire |  | 
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        | King of England who was forced to sign Magna Carta |  | 
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        | Peasent girl who led French army to victory over English |  | 
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        | Meadow along the Thames River in England |  | 
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        | Type of gov. where citizens vote for their leaders |  | 
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        | member of wealthy, upper-class family |  | 
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        | 1 of 2 officials in ancient Roman Republic |  | 
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        | Latin for forbid and rejection of a bill by the president |  | 
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        | Person appointed to rule for 6 months in an emergency |  | 
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        | Structure that carries wtr 4 a distance |  | 
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        | Arena in Ancient Roman Empire |  | 
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        | Savior in christianity and judaism |  | 
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        | Follower of a person or belief |  | 
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        | A letter in the christian bible |  | 
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        | person who dies for what they believe in |  | 
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        | Foreign soldier who serves in army only for pay |  | 
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        | economic situation in which there is more money with less value |  | 
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        | Ancient people who live in Etruria in Italy |  | 
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        | Roman political and military leader |  | 
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        | boot shaped country in europe |  | 
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        | region inhabited by the gauls |  | 
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        | amphitheatre built in rome |  | 
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        | Roman emperor known 4 mistreat of christians |  | 
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        | emperor of rome and encouraged christianity |  | 
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        | ancient capital Byzantium |  | 
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