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| analysis of social life that focuses on broad features of society, such as social class and the relationships of groups to one another; usually used by functionalists and conflict theorists |
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| analysis of social life that focuses on social interaction; typically used by symbolic interactionists |
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| the ways that people interact with one another |
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| the framework that surrounds us, consisting of the relationships of people and groups, which gives direction to and sets limits on behavior |
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| according to Weber, a large group of people who rank close to one another in wealth, prestige, and power; according to Marx, one of two groups: capitalists who own the means of production or workers who sell their labor |
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| the position that someone occupies in society or in a social group |
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| all the statuses or positions that an individual occupies |
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| positions an individual either inherits at birth or receives involuntarily later in life |
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| positions that are earned, accomplished, or involve at least some effort or activity on the individual's part |
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| items used to identify a status |
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| a status that cuts across the other statuses that an individual occupies |
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| ranking high on some dimensions of social class and low on others, also called status discrepancy |
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| the behaviors, obligations, and privileges attached to a status |
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| people who have something in common and who believe that what they have in common is significant; also called a social group |
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| the organized, usual, or standard ways by which society meets its basic needs |
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| the major tasks that a society must fulfill if it is to survive |
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| the degree to which members of a group or a society feel united by shared values and other social bonds; also known as social cohesion |
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| Durkheim's term for the unity that people feel as a result of performing the same or similar tasks |
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| the splitting of a group's or a society's tasks into specialties |
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| Durkheim's term for the interdependence that results from the division of labor; people depending on others to fulfill their jobs |
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| a type of society in which life is intimate; a community in which everyone knows everyone else and people share a sense of togetherness |
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| a type of society that is dominated by impersonal relationships, individual accomplishments, and self-interest |
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| assumptions of what people are like, whether true or false |
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| the ways in which people use their bodies to give messages to others, much of which is done subconsciously |
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| an approach in which social life is analyzed in terms of drama |
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| people's efforts to control the impressions that others receive of them |
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| where performances are given |
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| where people rest from their performances, discuss presentations, and plan future performances |
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| the ways in which someone performs a role, showing a "style" |
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| conflicts that someone feels between roles because the expectations attached to one role are incompatible the the expectations of another role |
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| conflicts that someone feels within a role |
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| how people use social setting, appearance, and manner to communicate information about the self |
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| the collaboration of two or more people to manage impressions jointly |
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| techniques used to salvage a performance that is going sour |
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| how people use background assumptions to make sense of life |
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| deeply embedded common understandings of how the world operates and how people ought to act |
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| classic formulation of definition of situation: "If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences." |
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| social construction of reality |
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| the use of background assumptions and life experiences to define what is real |
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