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| The process of predicting the impact future events will have on our overall emotional states |
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| Deciding who or what is responsible for the outcome of a situation; another way we cope with failure and respond to success in order to maintain self-esteem |
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| "Basking in reflected glory," a strategy by which we reinforce our positive self-concepts by identifying ourselves with successful others |
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| A cultural focus on the self as interdependent and defined by the connectedness of people to one another, in particular, the people closest to them |
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| "Cutting of reflective failure," a strategy by which we try to disassociate ourselves from others who have failed or behaved poorly |
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| Downward Social Comparison |
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Definition
| The process of comparing yourself to someone who is less capable or worse off than you are |
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| The drive to perform an action in response to an external pressure or obligation, to avoid punishment, or to achieve some outside benefit |
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| Facial Feedback Hypothesis |
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| A hypothesis that states that a change in our facial expressions can lead to a subsequent emotional change |
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| At the cultural level, focus on the self as independent from others and defining individual goals over the collective |
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| A way of controlling others' impressions of us through flattery |
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| The drive to perform an action because we enjoy it and are likely to engage in it more fully and with greater curiosity and pleasure |
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| The process of thinking about your own thoughts |
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| When attention is brought about on the self; for example, looking in a mirror, standing in front of a crowd, and listening to a recording of your voice |
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| Your mental representation or overall sense of "you" |
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| A theory in which our concepts of self are influenced by how close our actual selves are to the selves we would like to be |
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| A person's belief in his or her ability to achieve certain goals |
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| A person's evaluation of his or her self-worth |
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| A process that involves setting up an obstacle before engaging in a task as a way to give ourselves a ready-made excuse in case we don't perform well |
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| The process through which people regulate their behavior to be perceived well by others; low self-monitors act consistently across situations, acting according to their personal views, while high self-monitors are constantly monitoring their behavior and adjusting their reactions to fit the situation they are in |
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Definition
| A theory in which, if we are unsure of the attitudes we hold, we look to our behavior and use that to make inferences about our attitudes, much like an outside observer |
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| Beliefs about aspects of your identity that organize the processing ofinformation related to the self |
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Definition
| A self-protection strategy in which we are likely to believe that external factors are responsible for situations in which we perform poorly |
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| A theory wherein we want others to see us as we see ourselves - even when our self-concepts are negative |
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| A theory wherin we compare ourselves to others in different situations because there is no given standard against which to measure our abilities and opinions |
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| A theory in which we develop our identity from our group memberships |
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| The belief that our behavior, our appearance, and even our internal states are obvious to others |
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Term
| Twenty Statements Test (TST) |
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Definition
| A measure of self-concept that asks individuals to self-report "who am I?" |
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Definition
| When we tend to imagine that the outcomes of situations will be better for us than for other people |
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