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| Two or more people who interact and are independent in the sense that their needs and goals cause them to influence each other. |
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| The tendency for people to do better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance can be evaluated. |
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| Getting lost in the crowd: The mere presence of others can also lead to deindividuation, which is the loosening of normal constraints on behavior when people are in crowds. |
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Groups can perform tasks requiring memory better than individuals can when group member are tasked to remember different things.
Begins at learning stage where group can decide roles for learning different things. |
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| Tendency of group members to think alike. Group clings to shared but flawed view rather than being open to the truth. Roots lay in desire to get along, preserve group harmony. |
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| Group Polarization Effect |
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| Movement toward either extreme (risk or caution) resulting from group discussion. |
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| The idea that certain key personality traits make a person a good leader, regardless of the situation. |
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| Leaders who set clear, short term goals and reward people who meet them. |
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| Contingent Theory of Leadership |
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| Relationship-Oriented Leader |
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| Leaders who inspire followers to focus on common, long-term goals. |
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