Term
|
Definition
| Any act performed with the goal of benefiting another person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The desire to help another person even if it involves a cost to the helper. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Behaviors that help a genetic relative are favored by natural selection.
People can increase the chances their genes will be passed by ensuring that their genetic relatives have children. Thus natural selection should favor altruistic acts directed toward genetic relatives. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability to put oneself in the shoes of another person and to experience events and emotions (joy and sadness) the way that person experiences them. |
|
|
Term
| Empathy-Altruism hypothesis |
|
Definition
Empathy motivates people to reduce other person's distress, regardless of their own gains
People with low empathy act according to social exchange calculations: can reduce their own distress by escaping the situation, if escape is possible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Although some people have personality qualities that make them more likely to help than others, personality factors have not been shown to be strong predictors of who will help across a variety of social situations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People in all cultures are more likely to help someone they define as a member of their in-group, the group with which an individual identifies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People everywhere are less likely to help someone they perceive to be a member of an out-group, a group with which they do not identify. |
|
|
Term
| Urban Overload Hypothesis |
|
Definition
| The idea that people living in cities are constantly bombarded with stimulation and that they keep to themselves in order to avoid being overwhelmed by it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
People are less likely to help when the are in the presence of others.
Ex. Kitty Genovese: Stabbed to death on dark NY street in 1964, with 38 neighbors and others watching hearing her screams and watching for over the 35 minutes without providing any help or calling for help |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Poor interpretation meaning of event |
|
|
Term
| Diffusion of Responsibility |
|
Definition
| Not taking responsibility |
|
|
