Term
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Definition
| Changing one's behavior or beliefs in response to explicit or implicit pressure (whether real or imagined) from others |
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Definition
| Responding favorably to an explicit request by another person. |
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Definition
| In an unequal power relationship, submitting to the demands of the more powerful person. |
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Definition
| The phenomenon whereby merely thinking about a behavior makes its actual performance more likely |
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Definition
| The apparent motion of a stationary point of light in a completely darkened environment. |
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Term
| Informational Social Influence |
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Definition
| The influence of other people that results from taking their comments or actions as a course of information about what is correct, proper, or effective. |
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Term
| Normative Social Influence |
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Definition
| The influence of other people that comes from the desire to avoid their disapproval, harsh judgements, and other social sanctions (for example, barbs, ostracism). |
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Term
| Internalization (private acceptance) |
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Definition
| Private acceptance of a proposition, orientation. or ideology |
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Term
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Definition
| Agreeing with someone or advancing a position in public, even if we continue to believe something else in private. |
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Definition
| A norm dictating that people should provide benefits to those who benefit them |
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Term
| Door-In-The-Face Technique (reciprocal concessions technique) |
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Definition
| Asking someone for a very large favor that he or she will certainly refuse and then following that request with one for a more modest favor (which tends to be seen as a concession that the target will fell compelled to honor) |
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Term
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Definition
| Adding something to an original offer, which is likely to create some pressure to reciprocate. |
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Term
| Foot-In-The-Door Technique |
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Definition
| A compliance technique in which one makes an initial small request to which nearly everyone complies, followed by a larger request involving the real behavior of interest |
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Term
| Negative State Relief Hypothesis |
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Definition
| The idea that people engage in certain actions, such as agreeing to a request, in order to relieve negative feelings and to feel better about themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that people reassert their prerogatives in response to the unpleasant state of arousal they experience when they believe their freedoms are threatened. |
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Definition
| Beliefs that certain attributes are characteristics of members of particular groups. |
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Definition
| A negative attitude or affective response toward a certain group and its individual members. |
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Definition
| Unfair treatment of members of a particular group based on their membership in that group. |
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Term
| Modern Racism (symbolic racism) |
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Definition
| Prejudice directed at other racial groups that exists alongside rejection of explicitly racist beliefs. |
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Term
| Implicit Association Test (IAT) |
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Definition
| A technique for revealing nonconscious prejudices toward particular groups. |
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Term
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Definition
| A procedure used to increase the accessibility of a concept or schema (for example, a stereotype) |
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Term
| Realistic Group Conflict Theory |
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Definition
| A theory that group conflict, prejudice, and discrimination are likely to arise over competition between groups for limited resources. |
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Term
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Definition
| Glorifying one's own group while vilifying other groups. |
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Term
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Definition
| Goals that transcend the interests of one individual group and that can be achieved more readily by two or more groups working together. |
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Term
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Definition
| An experimental paradigm in which researchers create groups based on arbitrary and seemingly meaningless criteria and then examine how the members of these "minimal groups" are inclined to behave toward one another |
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Term
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Definition
| A theory that a person's self-concept and self-esteem not only derive from personal identity and accomplishments, but from the status and accomplishments of the various groups to which the person belongs. |
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Term
| Basking in Reflected Glory |
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Definition
| The tendency to take pride in the accomplishments of those with whom we are in some way associated (even if it is only weakly), as when fans identify with a winning team |
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Term
| Outgroup Homogeneity Effect |
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Definition
| The tendency to assume that within-group similarity is much stronger for out-groups than for ingroups |
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Term
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Definition
| Acting in a way that tends to produce the very behavior we expected in the first place, as when we act toward members of certain groups in ways that encourage the very behavior we expect from them |
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Term
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Definition
| An erroneous belief about a connection between events, characteristics, or categories that are not in fact related |
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Term
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Definition
| The pairing of two distinctive events that stand out even more because they co-occur |
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Term
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Definition
| Explaining away exceptions to a given stereotype by creating a subcategory of the stereotyped group that can be expected to differ from the group as a whole |
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Term
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Definition
| Processes that occur outside of our awareness, without conscious control |
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Term
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Definition
| Processes that occur with conscious direction and deliberate thought. |
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Term
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Definition
| THe fear that we will confirm the stereotypes that others have regarding some salient group of which we are a member. |
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