Term
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Definition
| a mental framework containing information relevant to specific situations or events, which helps us interpret these situations and what's happening in them |
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Term
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Definition
| relatively stable and enduring system of feelings and beliefs about a person, object, or event |
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Term
| What is cognitive dissonance? |
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Definition
| the theory proposed that when individuals behave contrary to their attitudes and beliefs, they feel anxious and are motivated to change their attitudes to conform to their actions |
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Term
| What are the two routes of persuasion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the central route of persuasion? |
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Definition
| persuasion that occurs when interested people focus on carefully built arguments; facts |
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Term
| What is the peripheral route of persuasion? |
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Definition
| when people can be influenced by incidental cues, or association with favorable attributes of behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| if the communicator gives a little something, the target feels obligated to give something back |
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Term
| What is door-in-the-face? |
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Definition
| communicator asks for a big request first |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| if the communicator can get the target to commit to one thing first, then persuading him to do another thing is easier |
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Term
| What is the foot-in-the-door technique? |
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Definition
| small request first, then bigger requests follow |
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Term
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Definition
| the way a question is posed |
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Term
| What is the mere exposure effect? |
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Definition
| tendency to like something or someone more, following repeated exposure to it or them |
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Term
| What is the attribution theory? |
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Definition
| people are motivated to explain their own and other's behavior by attributing causes of that behavior to a situation or disposition |
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Term
| What are the two types of attributions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are personal attributions? |
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Definition
| places the cause off behavior in a person's character, basing it on some internal trait or characteristic |
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Term
| What are situation attributions? |
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Definition
| locates to cause of behavior in the particular situation rather than in the person |
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Term
| What is the Just-World phenomenon? |
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Definition
| blaming the victim, it's their fault |
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Term
| What is the Self-Serving Bias? |
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Definition
| tendency of people to take greater personal responsibility for positive outcomes than for negative ones |
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Term
| What is the Fundamental Attribution Error? |
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Definition
| tendency for people to make personal attributions rather than situational attributions when evaluating others |
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Term
| What are social rules/norms? |
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Definition
| social conventions of every day life that make our interactions with people predictable and orderly; include explicit laws and implicit cultural standards |
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Term
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Definition
| a social position that is governed by norms for proper behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| in this study, the roles of guards and prisoners dramatically changed student behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| showed how powerless roles of mental patients leads to depersonalization and how the role of attendant in a mental hospital promotes impersonality |
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Term
| What is social facilitation? |
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Definition
| tendency of individuals to perform better in the presence of other people |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of self-restraint that occurs under conditions of arousal, novelty, and anonymity / presence of others can weaken normal restraints on behavior and lead to socially prohibited acts |
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Term
| What is bystander intervention? |
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Definition
| the study focuses on factors responsible for an individual's helping others in distress |
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Term
| What is the diffusion of responsibility? |
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Definition
| to avoid taking responsibility for actions or decisions because of the presence of other bystanders - responsibility is shared when no one person can be held accountable |
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Term
| What is pluralistic ignorance? |
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Definition
| the tendency not to intervene in a situation because others are not intervening |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for all members to think alike and to suppress dissent and disagreement |
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Term
| What is group polarization? |
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Definition
| the tendency for decisions made by groups to be more extreme than those made by individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for people to match their behavior(s) to that of the other members of a group |
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Term
| What did Solomon Asch do? |
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Definition
| the studied effects of group pressure on perceptual judgment - 3/4 of individuals went along with incorrect answers |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for people to comply with orders, either real or imagined from an authority figure |
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Term
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Definition
| electrocution experiment; found that nothing the victims did or said changed the likelihood of the person's compliance - they obeyed; illustrated to power of social roles |
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Term
| What is pro-social behavior? |
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Definition
| behavior that benefits others |
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Term
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Definition
| unselfish concern with the welfare of others |
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Term
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Definition
| unjustified negative attitudes that one person has about another based solely on the person's membership in a social group, such as religious or ethnic minority |
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Term
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Definition
| a belief that all members of a group share a common trait (positive, negative, neutral) |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency for people to evaluate their own group as superior to other groups |
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Term
| What is out-group homogeneity? |
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Definition
| tendency for people to see members of a group different from their own as more similar than the actually are |
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Term
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Definition
| children learning to be prejudice (parents, neighbors, relatives) |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals learn to dislike specific individuals (competitors) and then generalize that dislike to the whole class |
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Term
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Definition
| when judging other people, individuals make fundamental attribution errors; devise mental shortcuts so we group people with HEURISTICS |
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Term
| Personality (psychoanalytic theorists) |
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Definition
| a person who develops prejudices has a "prejudice prone personality"; the need to have control over others because of their own insecurities |
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Term
| What forms attractions and relationships? |
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Definition
| proximity and similar interests |
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Term
| What is an autocratic leadership style? |
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Definition
| make all decisions for the group |
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Term
| What is a laissez-faire leadership style? |
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Definition
| free decision making for the group |
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Term
| What is a democratic leadership style? |
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Definition
| assisted decision making within the group |
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