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| Measured variables designed to directly measure an individuals behavior |
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| A social norm found primarily in Eastern cultures, that values other-concern and connection with others |
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| In correlational design, a variable that is not part of the research hypothesis but which causes the variables of interest to be correlated |
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| research that involves the measurement of two or more relevant variables and an assessment of the relationship between or among variables |
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| A false or misleading statement by the experimenter about what is being studied that is used to reduce the possibility of demand characteristics |
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| A group of people who have a geographic heritage in common and who share religious and family values and other moral beliefs |
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| Information given to a participant immediately after an experiment has ended that is designed to both explain the purpose and procedure of the research and remove any harmful ater effects of participation |
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| The practice of not completely and fully informing research participants about the nature of a research project, used when the research could not be conducted if the participants knew what was really being studied |
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| In an experiment, the variable that is assumed to be caused by the independent variable, which is measured by the researcher |
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| Based on the collection and systematic analysis of observable data |
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| The belief that human nature is determined by evolutionary experiences |
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| Research that includes the manipulation of a given situation or experience for two or more groups of individuals who are initially created to be equivalent, followed by a measurement of the effects of that experience |
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| The extent to which the results of a research design can be generalized beyond the specific settings and participants used in the experiments to other places, people, and time |
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| A characteristic of a research hypothesis that the variables of interest can be adequately measured and that the expected relationship between the variables can be shown through research to be false |
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| Experimental research that is conducted in natural environments such as a school or factory. |
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| The tendency to think that we could have predicted something that we probably would not have been able to predict |
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| In an experiment, the variable that is manipulated by the researcher |
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| A social norm found primarily in Western cultures that values self-concern and independence |
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| The practice of providing research participants with information about the nature of the research project before they make a decision about whether to participate |
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| The people with whom we feel connected- those who are familiar and similar to us |
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| the joint influence of the person and the social situation on behavior |
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| The extent to which changes in the dependent variable in an experiment can confidently be attributed to changes in the independent variable |
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| Behaviors performed by humans and other animals that favor the reproductive success of their relatives |
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| A statistical procedure in which the results of existing studies are integrated to draw new conclusions about a research hypothesis |
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| Research that involves making observations of behavior and recording those observations in an objective manner |
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| The method that we use to measure a variable of interest |
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| the people who we don't see as part of our ingroup |
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| Pearson Correlation Coefficient |
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| A stat used to assess the strength and size of the relationship between two variables |
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| Random assignment to condition |
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| The most common method of creating equivalence beyond the experimental conditions before the experiment begins |
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| the repeating of research |
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| A specific and falsifiable prediction regarding the relationship between or among two or more variables |
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| Measures in which individuals are asked to respond to questions posed by an interviewer or on a questionnaire |
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| A collection of individual people who are perceived by themselves or others to have something in common with each other |
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| the process through which other people change our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and through which we change theirs |
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| ways of thinking, feeling, or behaving that are shared by group members and perceived by them as important |
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| The scientific study of how we think about, feel, and behave towards others and how our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors influence and are influenced by other people in our lives |
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| the other people around us who influence our behavior |
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| any attribution that can assume different values |
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| the change of schemas or attitudes on the basis of new information |
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| a phenomenon in which an accessible stimulis, such as a number (the anchor), overly influences our judgment because we do not sufficiently adjust our judgment away from it enough |
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| when our existing knowledge influences new information in a way that makes the conflicting information fit with out existing schemas and attitudes |
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| associational (classical or respondent) learning |
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| learning that occurs when an object or event comes to be associated with a response, such as a behavior or a positive or negative emotion |
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| the tendency to make judgments of the frequency or likelihood that an event occurs on the basis of the ease with which it can be retrieve from memory |
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| the likelihood that events occur across a large population |
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| the extent to which a particular schema or attitude is activated in memory, and thus likely to be used in perception |
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| the tendency to think about events according to "what might have been" (ie: winning the olympic silver- so close to winning the gold!) |
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| event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) |
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| a neuroimaging technique which assesses brain activity by measuring blood flow |
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| The tendency to overestimate the extent to which other people are similar to us |
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| The tendency to overestimate the extent to which other people are similar to us |
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| the relatively permanent changes in thoughts, feelings, or behavior that occurs as a result of experience |
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| techniques used to directly or indirectly assess the structure and function of the brain |
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| observational learning (modeling) |
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| learning that occurs through exposure to and observation of the behavior of others |
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| operant or instrument learning |
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| learning based on the principal that experiences that are followed by positive experiences or emotions (rewards) are more likely to be repeated, whereas experiences followed by punishments are less likely to be repeated |
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| the technique of temporarily bringing information into memory through exposure to situational events (ie: hearing words about elderly people make you walk slower) |
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| representativeness heuristic |
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| basing our judgments on information that seems to represent or match what we expect to happen |
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| attracting attention for instance because they are unique, colorful, bright, negative, or moving |
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| the part of our mental activity that relates to social activities, and which helps us to meet the goal of understanding and predicting the behaviors of ourselves and others |
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| spontaneous (or automatic) processing |
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| social cognition that occurs quickly without taking effort and often out of our conscious awareness |
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| thoughtful (controlled) processing |
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| social cognition that is systematic and effortful |
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