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| study of how people relate to and influence each other |
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| conducted first official social psychology type experiements in 1897 on social facilitation; cyclists perform better in groups than alone |
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| founds of social psychology; applied Gestalt ideas to social behavior; field theory, life space |
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| part of Lewin's field theory; collection of forces upon the individual including valence, vector, and barrier |
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| Lewin's theory of the total influences upon individual behavior; life space is a collection of forces upon the individual |
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| founder of attribution theory and balance theory |
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| how people infer the causes of other's behavior; attribute to inanimate objects as well |
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| study of how people make their feelings and or actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis |
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| fundamental attribution error |
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| common tendency to think that the actions of others result from internal disposition rather than situation |
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| actor-observer attributional divergence |
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| tendency for the person who is doing the behavior to have a different perspective than an observer |
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| interpreting one's own actions and motives in a positive way, blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; thinking we are better than average |
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| assuming two unrelated things have a relationship |
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| believing after the fact that you knew something all along |
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| thinking that if someone has one good quality than he has only good qualities |
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| when one's expectations somehow draw our or cause the veyr behavior that is expected |
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| assuming most other people think as you do |
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| studied subjects who were first made to believe a statement and then told it was false; continued to believe if they had processed it and devised logical explanation for it |
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| showed we lack awareness for why we do what we do |
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| overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with |
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| M.J. Lerner; belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people |
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| Ellen Langer; belief that you can control things that you have no influence on; lottery, gambling, superstition |
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| tendency to make simple explanations for complex events; holding onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge |
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| representative heuristics |
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| using a shortcut about typical assumption to guess at an answer rather than relying on actual logic; assuming things about people |
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| cognitive dissonance theory |
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| Leo Festinger; suggests that it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match their actions; justify dissonant acts by bringing our attitudes in line with the behavior |
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| Daryl Bem; alternative to cognitive dissonance; when people are unsure of their beliefs, take their cues from their own behavior, rahter than changing their beliefs |
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| tendency to assume that we must not want to do things that we are paid or compensated to do |
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| suggests that people act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people feel most positively towards situations that start negatively and end positively |
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| suggests that humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs |
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| important influence on behavior; act in ways that are in line with our attitudes; self-monitoring, impression management |
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| process by which people pay close attention to their actions; people change their behaviors to be more favorable |
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| part of self presentation; behaving in ways that make a good impression |
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| tendency for the presence of others to either enhance or hinder performance; helps with easy, but not complex tasks |
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| evaluating one's own actions, abilities, opinions, and ideas by comparing them to others; used as an argument against mainstreaming (putting a child with problems in a normal class) |
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| set of behavior norms that seem suitable for a particular person |
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