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| the natural aggression that arises from being predatory in nature. Emotionless, planned, purposeful . |
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| Towards an aggressor that is instrumental in protecting a child |
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| Male on male, sexual usually |
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| Instrumental in obtaining sexual partners. Uniquely human |
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| displacement of aggression. |
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| Immediately received by the target |
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| Unbeknownst to target. I.E. Rumors, talkin’ behind someone’s back, usw |
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| Aggression intended to emotionally damage the target |
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| Doin’ it to get something. |
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| arise from predatory evolution |
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| A primitive impulse for destruction, decay, and death, postulated by Sigmund Freud as coexisting with and opposing the life instinct |
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| pick fights to alleviate aggression. Basically thanatos |
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| Behavior works towards the genetic survival of a clan, but we can inhibit our aggression in order to appropriately work with others. Accounts for inhibition towards genetically related others |
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| hippocampus and amygdala, present in all animals. Prefrontal corex inhibits the emotions that are produced here (base emotions, i.e. aggression) |
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| low levels of serotonin associate w/ high aggression. Retrains impulsive aggression. Boost serotonin, dampen aggression |
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| Limitations of Biological Theory |
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| explain varying situational factors |
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| Unfavorable social position |
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| Unfavorable comparison to others “you’re just normally retarded.” |
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| More likely to aggress if in pain |
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| More likely to aggress is provoked |
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| Excitation Transfer Theory. More likely to aggress if aroused |
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| Items can arouse aggression |
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| More likely to aggress in hot weather |
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| When the population density is too high, people are more likely to aggress |
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| consumption reduces inhibition, thusly increases aggression |
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| likely to see others intentions and actions as hostile |
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| competitiveness, tie urgency, hostility, irritable |
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| dimensions often apearant in individuals behavior. Agreeableness, emotional stability, self esteem, sensation seeking (low ss = low agg) |
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| High self esteem = high aggression |
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| High narcissism = high aggression, don’t take criticism well |
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| high sensation seeking = high aggression, constant need for stimulation |
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| Amount is similar, types are different (male: direct, female: indirect) |
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| Split second decisions. Result from mood, experience, and schematic memories |
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| Availably of resources and population size. Aggress when resources are low. |
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| When more of a persons’ cognitive pool is being utilized, that individual is more likely to aggress |
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| Intentionally keeping a person from achieving their goals |
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| expressing aggression in a relatively safe way will reduce tendencies to engage in aggressive acts. |
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| response to events that disrupt or threaten our psychological functioning |
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| Interviening pre-attribution in order to disrupt harmful thoughts that will later lead to aggression |
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| Excitation Transfer Theory |
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| Aggressive excitation from one incident can transfer onto another, resulting in displaced emotions |
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| low intensity deviant behavior w/ ambiguous intent to harm |
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| Shootin' up da place, or other overt forms of aggression directed at coworkers (maybe punchin' them in the head!) |
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| Cognitive neoassociation Analysis |
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| Deliberate, Thoughtful consideration of situation can influence aggression. Can be reduced by mitigating info. Hostile attribution bias. |
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| Traits as situation senstivities model. A view suggesting that many personality traits function in a threshold-like manner, influencing behavior only when situations evoke them |
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| Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis |
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| suggests that frustration is a powerful determinant of aggression |
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| Social Learning Theory of Aggression |
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| Learning the benefits of aggression through social learning |
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| Generall Affective Aggression Model |
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| suggests that frustration is triggered by a wide range of variables that influence arousal, affective stages, and cognitions |
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| any act intended to benifit another person (regardless of motive) |
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| Benefits another intentionally with no external reward |
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| Benefits another intentionally with no external or internal reward |
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| abiding by your own moral code. Altruism |
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| not doing what you say, or doing good things simply for your own benifit. Egoism |
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| Even animals will help non-relatives if they live in close proximity and can better survive by sharing. |
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| We help others in order to rectify the bad moods we feel within ourselves. |
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| covert altruism with a secret motive. The prisoner’s dilemma. |
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| empathetic joy hypothesis |
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| helpers respond to needs of victim because they want to accomplish something, and doing so is rewarding in and of itself. |
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| empathy-altruism hypothesis |
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| some prosocial acts are motivated solely by the desire to help someone in need. |
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| social-responsibility norm |
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| people should help those who need their assistance |
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| Not responsible for problem or solution |
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| enlightenment model of helping |
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| responsible for problem, but not solution |
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| responsible for both problem and solution |
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| compensatory model of helping |
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| not responsible for problem, but for solution |
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1- attend to situation.
2 – interpret situation.
3 – assume responsibility.
4 – assess ability to take action. 5 – decide whether to act |
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| because bystanders don’t respond to emergency we assume nobody knows what is happening, and everyone depends on someone else to interpret situation. |
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| diffusion of responsibility |
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| greater the number of bystanders, the less likely someone is to receive help. Assume someone else’ll do it. |
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| kin selection-inclusive fitness |
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| more likely to help people to whom we are genetically related, and are closer to reproductive age. |
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