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| Any action that is motivated to harm somebody that does not want to be harmed. |
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| Impulsive acts of aggression (ex. road rage) |
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| Harmful acts that are planned and premeditative. |
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| Causing harm by withholding. (ex. not telling somebody that their brakes are out) |
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| Actively harming somebody (ex. cutting somebody's brakes; hitting/yelling at somebody) |
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| Aggression that has extreme physical harm as it's goal or motive. |
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| Damaging relationships, culturally unwanted. Opposite of "prosocial" |
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| Is aggression social or antisocial? |
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| Instinct Theory (Aggression) |
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Definition
| The idea that aggression is a natural human instinct. |
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| Learning Theory (Aggression) |
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Definition
| The idea that aggression is learned socially from others (ex. operant conditioning.) |
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| Frustration-agression Hypothesis |
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Definition
| Idea that frustration always leads to aggression. (Shortly after this hypothesis changed the always word.) |
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| Younger kids are more aggressive than any other age. As we grow older, we learn how to be socially. |
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| Men and women have same amount of aggression. They express it differently though (men- physical; women- verbal & relational) |
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| Selfishness and influence (of aggression) |
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Definition
| We use aggression to get what we want in selfish ways. |
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| Domestic and relationship violence |
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Definition
Abusing people who are close to you.
(More common than mugging, cancer and auto deaths!!) |
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Definition
| Can't be aggressive towards person we are mad at, so we take it out on something else.(ex. kicking the dog) |
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Definition
| You are upset by something and transfer that aggression to something else. (ex. your boss pisses you off, you go home and are irritable towards your roommate.) |
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Definition
| Even the presence of a weapon increases aggression. (ex. study of setting a gun on table and person gets more angry) |
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| Mass Media (impact on aggression) |
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Definition
| Violence in media increases aggression (big debate!) |
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Term
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Definition
| People are more likely to be aggressive when the environment is undesirable. (ex. crime increased in hotter areas/states) |
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Term
| Testosterone (with aggression) |
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Definition
| More testosterone in violent people. |
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| Serotonin (with aggression) |
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Definition
| Low levels create higher violence levels |
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Term
| Alcohol (with aggression) |
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Definition
| Increases aggression (reduces inhibitions, narrows attention, reduces self awareness) 50% of violent crimes happen under influence of alcohol. |
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Term
| Norms and values (of aggression) |
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Definition
| People can see aggression as acceptable even when not positive (self defense.) |
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| Self-control (of aggression) |
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Definition
| Impulsive behavior is huge predictor in aggression. |
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Term
| Wounded Pride (culture aggression) |
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Definition
| Tied to unrealistically high self-esteem. People feel need to stand up for themselves. |
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| Culture of Honor (aggression) |
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Definition
| Places emphasis on respect and protect your pride & social position. (War ideas and troops. Southern ideals--cowboys & protect your territory) |
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Term
| Cheating (tests, steroids etc.) |
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Definition
| People that tend to cheat have lower self-control, cynical mindset, and not academically successful. |
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Definition
| Happens the most when there are a lot of people around. Lack of individual responsibility. |
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| People litter more when the people around them are also littering. Cultural idea. |
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| Anything that draws 2 or more people together (friends & sexuality both) |
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Definition
| A situation where others approve and include you in their group |
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| Rejection (Social Exclusion) |
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Definition
| When people won't let you into their group. Causes health consequences. All animals need acceptance to some degree. |
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Definition
| Important for starting relationships, exists briefly (2-3 years). Generally not enough for marriage. |
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Definition
| Important for making love succeed and survive. |
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Term
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Definition
Ingredients that make up love:
1. Passion-emotional & aroused
2. Intimacy-closeness, understanding, concern (MOST IMPORTANT
3. Commitment-conscious decision that remains constant
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Term
| Attachment Theory developed along what 2 dimensions? |
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Definition
1.Anxiety (fear of abandonment)
2.Avoidance (ppl will just hurt, avoid getting close&vulnerable)
*DIRECTLY AFFECTS SEX LIFE-ppl in these categories have unhealthy sex patterns* |
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Term
| Attachment Theory Styles (taken over the "love" researches in the 90s) |
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Definition
(when you're young, your relationships effect your whole relationship mindset)
1.Secure Attachment
2.Dismissing Avoidant Attachment (low anxiety, high avoidance)
3.Fearful Avoidant Attachment (High in avoidance and attachment)
4.Preoccupied/anxious Ambivalent
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Term
| Self Expansion and Inclusion of the Other in the Self |
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Definition
| Bring others into our lives in order to improve the self and broaden our views and experiences. |
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Term
| Relational-interdependent Self-construal |
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Definition
| W/in individualistic culture, we still depend on each other for close relationships. How we define ourselves is based on the people we surround ourselves. |
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Term
| T or F- you have to love yourself before you can love others. |
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Definition
| FALSE: ppl with low and high self esteem have just as much capability to love & break up at the same rates (different reasons though). |
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Term
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Definition
| Very high self-esteem. Can push people away. |
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Term
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Definition
| Not too high, not too low esteem. You just accept yourself. |
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Term
| Maintaining Relationships |
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Definition
| They do not get better over time, the just remain good (ppl think they are getting better but their studies say "no".) It just avoids a downward spiral. |
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