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| The evolutionary process by which nature selects traits that best enable organisms to survive and reproduce in a particular environmental niches |
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| The study of the evolution of behavior using principles of natural selection. |
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| The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next. |
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| Rules for accepted and expected behavior. Norms prescribe "proper" behavior. What others do. What is normal. |
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| The buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies. Its size depends on our familiarity with whoever is near us. |
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| In psychology, the characteristics, whether biological or socially influenced, by which people define male and female. |
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| The vicarious experience of another's feelings; putting oneself in another's shoes. |
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| Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone. In laboratory experiments, this might mean delivering electric shocks or saying something likely to hurt another's feelings. |
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| A set of behavior exceptions ( norms) for males and females. |
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| The effect of one factor ( such as biology) depends on another factor ( such as factor) |
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| A change in behavior or belief to accord with others. |
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| Acting in accord with a direct order |
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| The process by which a message, induces change in beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors |
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| Central route to persuasion |
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| Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts. |
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| peripheral route persuasion |
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| Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as speaker's attractiveness |
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| Believability. A credible communicator is perceived as both expert and trustworthy. |
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| A delayed impact of a message that occurs when an initially discounted message becomes effective, as we remember the message by forget the reason for discounting it. |
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| Having qualities that appeal to an audience. An appealing, communicator ( often someone familiar to the audience) is most persuasive on matters of subjective preference. |
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| A group typically characterized by (1) distinctive ritual and beliefs related to its devotion to god or a person. (2) Isolation from the surronding "evil culture, and (3) a charismatic leader |
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| Exposing people to weak attacks upon their attitudes so that when stronger attacks come, they will have refutations available. |
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| Co-particapants working individually on a noncompetitive activity. |
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| The original meaning - the tendency of people to perform simple or well-learned tasks better when other's are present. (2) Current meaning-the strengthening of dominant responses in the presence of others. |
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| Concern for how others are evaluating us. |
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| The tendency for people to exert less effort when they pool their effort toward a common goal than when they are individually accountable. |
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| People who benefit from the group but give little in return. |
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| Loss of self-awareness and evaluation apprehension; occurs in group situations that foster responsiveness to group norms, good or bad. |
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| Group-produced enhancement of members preexisting tendencies, a strengthening of the members average tendency, no a spilt within groups. |
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| Evaluating one's opinions and abilities by comparing ones self to others |
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| 'The mode of thinking that persons engage in when concurrence- seeking becomes so dominant in a cohesive ingroup that it tends to override realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action |
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| A motive to protect or restore one's sense of freedom. Reactance arises when someone threatens our freedom of action |
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| The process by which certain group members motivate and guide the group |
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| Transformational leadership |
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| Leadership that enabled by a leaders vision and inspiration exerts significant influence. |
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