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Definition
| the scientific study of how individuals think, feels and behave in a social context |
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| interactionist perspective |
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Definition
| an emphasis on how both an individual's personality and environmental characteristics influence behavior |
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| the study of how people perceive, remember, and interpret information about themselves and others |
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| the specific procedures for manipulating or measuring a conceptual variable |
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| the extent to which the measures used in a study measure the variables they were designed to measure and the manipulations in a experiment manipulate the variables they were designed to manipulate |
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| the sum total of an individual's beliefs about his or her own personal attributes |
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| a belief people hold about themselves that guides the processing of self-relevant information |
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| looking inward to one's own thoughts and feelings |
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| the process of predicting how one would feel in response to future emotional events |
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| the theory that when internal cues are difficult to interpret, people gain self-insight by observing their own behavior |
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| facial feedback hypothesis |
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Definition
| the hypothesis that changes in facial expression can lead to corresponding changes in emotion |
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| the tendency for intrinsic movtivation to diminish for activities that have becomes associated with reward or other extrinsic factors |
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Definition
| people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others |
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| two-factor theory of emotion |
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Definition
| the experience of emotion is based on 2 factors: physiological arousal and a cognitive interpretation of that arousal |
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Definition
| humans cope with the fear of their own death by constructing worldviews that help to preserve their self-esteem |
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Definition
| the match/mismatch between our self-concept and how we want to see ourselves |
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Definition
| self-focused attention leads people to notice self-discrepancies, thereby motivating either an escape from self-awareness or a change in behavior |
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Definition
| take credit for success, distance from failure... unrealistically optimistic, illusions of controls |
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Definition
| behaviors that sabotage our performance so to provide and excuse for failure |
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| BIGR (bask in reflected glory) |
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Definition
| the increase self-esteem by associating with others who are successful |
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| CORF (cutting off reflected failure) |
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Definition
| disengage from the failure of others |
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Term
| downward/upward social comparison |
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Definition
| what we feel depends on how important the other person's success is to us... the defensive tendency to compare ourselves to others who are worse off than we are |
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Definition
| strategies people use to shape what others think of them |
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Definition
| the desire to have others perceive us as we truly perceive ourselves |
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Definition
| the tendency to change behavior in response to the self-presentation concerns of the situation |
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Definition
| a general term for the processes by which people come to understand each other |
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Definition
| behavior that reveals a person's feelings without words through facial expressions, body language, and vocal cues |
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| a group of theories that describe how people explain the causes of behavior |
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Definition
| attribution to internal characteristics of an actor, such as ability, personality, mood, or effort |
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Definition
| attribution to factors external to an actor, such as the task, other people, or luck |
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Term
| Jones' Correspondent Inference Theory |
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Definition
1. degree of choice
2. expectedness of behavior
3. intended consequences/results |
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Term
| Kelley's Covariation Theory |
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Definition
1. consensus- how do other people feel about whats going on
2. distinctiveness- how does the same person react to a different stimuli
3. consistency- would the person react the same way at another time and place |
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Term
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Definition
| people attribute behavior to factors that are present when a behavior occurs and absent when it does not |
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Definition
| the tendency to estimate the likelihood that an event will occur by how easily instances of it come to mind |
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Definition
| the tendency for people to overestimate the extent to which others share their opinions, attributes, and behaviors |
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Definition
| the finding that people are relatively insensitive to consensus information presented in the form of numerical base rates... we would rather rely on one vivid life story than statistical facts |
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Term
| fundamental attribution error |
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Definition
| the tendency to focus on the role of personal causes and underestimate the impact of situations on other people's behavior |
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Definition
| the tendency to attribute our own behavior to situational causes and the behavior of others to personal factors |
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| the belief that individuals get what they deserve in life, an orientation that leads people to disparage victims |
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| the process of integrating information about a person to form a coherent impression |
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| information integration theory |
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Definition
1. perceiver dispositions
2. a weighted average of a target person's traits |
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Definition
| the tendency for recently used or perceived words or ideas to come to mind easily and influence the interpretation of new information |
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| implicit personality theory |
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Definition
a network of assumptions people make about the relationships among traits and behaviors...
assumptions are made about other traits based on what we already know about the person |
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Definition
| traits that exert a powerful influence on overall impressions |
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Definition
| the tendency for information presented early in a sequence to have more impact on impressions than information presented later on |
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Definition
| the desire to reduce cognitive uncertainty, which heightens the importance of first impressions |
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Definition
| the tendency to seek, interpret, and create information that verifies existing beliefs |
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Definition
| the tendency to maintain beliefs even after they have been discredited |
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Definition
| the process by which one's expectations about a person eventually lead that person to behave in ways that conform to those expectations |
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