Term
| how did norm triplett define social facilitation? |
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Definition
| the presence of others release 'latent energy' which improves performance |
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Term
| how did triplett come up with the idea? |
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Definition
| he noticed cyclist rode faster when racing in groups than when racing against the clock |
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Term
| describe the methods/ result of the study he conducted to test his theory |
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Definition
kids reeled in a line
-3 conditions
-1 kid is alone
-1 kid is observed
-2 kids against each other
results
-2 kids in latter conditions didn't differ from each other
-competitive drive didn't differ
-not drafting, skill competition |
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Term
| how does zajonc define social facilitation? |
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Definition
| other's presence increases arousal, which increases the dominant results |
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Term
| describe zajonc research that supports his theory |
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Definition
cockroach study
-faster solution times in an easy maze
-slower solution times in a difficult maze
-cockroaches solve easy problem faster with an audience, cockroaches solve difficult problem slower with an audience |
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Term
| Cottrell's theory of social facilitation |
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Definition
| presence of others create evaluation apprehension, which increases arousal, which increases the dominant response |
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Term
| Baron's theory of social facilitation |
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Definition
presence of others creates distractions, which increases arousal, which increases the dominant resonse
-shaq choking free throws |
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Term
| what is social facilitation |
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Definition
| the tendency for people to do better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance can be evaluated |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for people to relax when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance cannot be evaluated, such that they do worse on simple tasks but better on complex tasks |
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Term
| 3 thing one can do to reduce social loafing |
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Definition
| divide the tasks individually, everyone is responsible for their own work, can't pick up someone else's slack |
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Term
| Gender differences in social loafing |
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Definition
| women tend to be higher than men in relational interdependence, which is the tendency to focus on and care about personal relationships with other individuals. this makes women less likely to engage social loafing when in groups |
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Term
| cultural differences in social loafing |
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Definition
| tendency to loaf is stronger in western cultures than Asian cultures, which may be due to the different self definitions prevalent in these cultures |
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Term
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Definition
| the loosening of normal constraints on behavior when people can't be identified (such as when they are in a crowd). |
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Term
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Definition
-illusion to invulnerability
-belief in the moral correctness of the group
-stereotyped views of out-group
-self censorship
-direct pressure on dissenters to conform
-illusion of unamity
-mindguards |
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Term
| antecedents of group think |
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Definition
-group is highly cohesive
-group isolation
-a directive leader
-high stress
-poor decision making procedures |
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Term
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Definition
-nearness allows you to notice similarities with another person
-social norms: neighbors |
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Term
| festinger, schachter, and back proximity effect |
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Definition
-randomly assigned MIT student to dorms
-9 months later participants identified their best friend at MIT
-66% of best friends lived in same building, of these 66% of these lived on the same floor
-most commonly, best friend was next door neighbor |
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Term
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Definition
| can be measured by numerical distance |
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Term
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Definition
how easy it is to interact in that space
-someone sitting beside you rather than behind or down the row |
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Term
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Definition
we like those who are similar to us, the more, the better
-escalating reciprocal self-disclosure allows similarity to be uncovered |
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Term
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Definition
| the finding that the more exposure we have to a stimulus, the more apt we are to like it |
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Term
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Definition
| the idea that people's feelings about a relationship depend on their perceptions of the rewards and costs of the relationship they deserve, and their chances for having a better relationship with someone else |
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Term
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Definition
| the idea that people are happiest with relationships in which the rewards and costs experienced and the contributions made by both parties are roughly equal |
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Term
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Definition
| the feelings of intimacy and affection we have for someone that are not accompanied by passion or physiological arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| an intense longing we feel for a person, accompanied by physiological arousal; when our love is reciprocated, we feel great fulfillment and ecstasy, but when it is not, we feel sadness ans despair |
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Term
| why are personal and physical attributes attractive |
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Definition
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Term
| evolutionary theory physical attributes |
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Definition
males- 'V' shaped chin and body
females- 0.7 ration waist body, firm breast, full lips |
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Term
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Definition
males, attractiveness = young but fertile
females, attractiveness = mature and powerful |
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Term
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Definition
| studied effectiveness of training and information programs designed to motivate U.S. soldiers |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| are general, inclusive, dictionary, and describes what the variable is |
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Term
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Definition
| describe how that variable is measured, observed or quantified |
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Term
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Definition
| contains operation definitions |
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Term
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Definition
| contain a theoretical definition |
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Definition
-first social psychologist
-founded first social psych graduate school
-behavior=personality*enviroment |
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Term
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Definition
-measure the dependent variable
-manipulate independent variable
-keep all other variables constant |
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Term
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Definition
| we measure each variable and examine possible relationships between them |
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