Term
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Definition
| how we select, remember, interpret and use social information; thinking about ourselves and the social world |
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Term
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Definition
| thinking that is non-conscious, involuntary, unintentional, effortless |
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Term
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Definition
| thinking that is conscious, effortful, intentional, voluntary; people can only think about one thing in a controlled conscious way at a time which means this requires energy |
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Term
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Definition
| automatically created cognitive frameworks used for organizing, receiving, and storing social information |
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Term
| Advantages and disadvantages of schemas |
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Definition
advantages: efficient information processing, reduced ambiguity and preparedness (knowing what/how to do/say/wear/act/etc.)
disadvantages: only notice information that fits, hard to change existing schemas, dismiss information that doesn't fit the schema |
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Term
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Definition
| schemas influence what we remember; schemas consistent information is more easily remembered |
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Term
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Definition
| depends on how accessible the schema is; past experience = chronic accessibility/ current activity = temporary accessibility |
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Term
| Schema inconsistent information |
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Definition
if someone's behavior doesn't match an existing schema, we will classify it as an unusual occurrent or relate experience to other schemas
ex. you hate math majors; you meet a math major you like; you will either say that he is "unlike other math majors" or use another one of his attributes to build a schema around |
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Term
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Definition
| the case in which expectation of behavior is more likely to influence how you act towards that person and more likely to have the schema fulfilled (consistent with their original expectations) |
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Term
| 4 kinds of judgement heuristics (automatic processing) |
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Definition
| available, framing, representative, anchoring |
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Term
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Definition
| availability of relevant information; how easily to examples come to mind |
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Term
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Definition
classifying someone/something according to how similar it is to a typical (or stereotypical) case
(should be using base rate information) |
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Term
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Definition
| using known information as a starting point (anchor) for an estimate when uncertain |
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Term
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Definition
when you base a conclusion/make a decision about a situation based on the framework in which it is presented to you
ex. 85% lean versus 15% fat
most people will go for the lean
ex. $19.95 seems cheaper than $20 |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which the schema and concepts are in the fore front of someone's mind (and therefore most likely to be used in making judgements about the social world) |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which recent experiences increase accessibility to schemas, traits, or concepts. |
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Term
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Definition
| mental shortcuts to make judgements quickly and easily |
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Term
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Definition
| info about the frequency of members of different categories in the population |
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Term
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Definition
| mentally changing some aspect of the past as a way of imagining what might have been; used for reasoning and controlling unwanted thoughts |
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Term
| Upward counterfactual thinking |
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Definition
imagining outcomes better than reality; helps created mental lessons for the future, can be motivational
(close calls) |
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Term
| Downwards counterfactual thinking |
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Definition
| imagining outcomes worse than reality; give a sense of relief and perspective |
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Term
| Monitoring (thought suppression) |
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Definition
| scanning for unwanted thoughts (automatic processing) |
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Term
| Operating (thought suppression) |
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Definition
| effortful, conscious attempt to distract oneself by finding something else to think about |
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Term
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Definition
| the attempt to avoid thinking about some unpleasant, uncomfortable, etc. thought |
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