Term
| Self-Presentation / Impression Management |
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Definition
| The process through which we try to control the impressions people form of us |
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Term
| Dramaturgical Perspective |
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Definition
| By Irving Goffman, likened self-presentation/impression-management to theater, with actors, performances, settings, scripts, props, roles and the like. That much of social interaction can be thought of as such. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency to have a chronic awareness of oneself as being in the public eye. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency to be chronically concerned with one's publich image and to adjust one's actions to fit the needs of the current situation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unintended (secondary) images conveyed as a result of self-presentation |
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Term
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Definition
| The fear people experience while doubting that they'll be able to create a desired impression. |
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Term
| When it comes to deception and detecting liars, most people are ____ at it. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An attempt to get others to like us. |
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Term
| If you want to appear likeable to others, there are 4 self-presentation strategies. What are they? |
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Definition
Express liking for others
Create similarity
Make ourselves physicall attractive
Project modesty |
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Term
| Facial Acting Coding System |
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Definition
| A system for measuring the movement of facial muscles, to exlplore the complexity of facial expressions. |
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Term
| False smiles differ from true smiles in that true smiles are also called ______ and can't be easily created by will. |
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Definition
| enjoyment smiles, or duchenne smiles. |
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Term
| The fact that lots of whites didn't like Ali was due to cultural differences, where African-Americans tend to like ________ while whites do not. |
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Definition
| African-Americans tend to like truthful braggers while whites do not. |
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Term
| Testosterone levels can partly explain why men are.....? |
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Definition
| Why men are more confrontational and hardened in getting what they want from others, and less friendly, less concerned about others welfare, and smile less. |
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Term
| Multiple audience dilemmas |
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Definition
| Situations in which a person needs to present different images to different audiences, often at the same time. |
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Term
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Definition
| An attempt to get others to see us as competent. |
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Term
| If you have the goal to appear competent, you have 4 presentation strategies. What are they? |
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Definition
To stage performances
To claim competence (not effective unless invited by other person)
To use the trappings of competence (emobdy the props and habits of those highly competent)
To make excuses or claim obstacles
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Term
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Definition
| Creating circumstances for ourselves that obstruct our ability to demonstrate true competence, thereby reducing the likelihood that people will attribute our failures to incompetence and increase the likelihood that people will attribute our successes to some outstanding ability. |
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Term
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Definition
| The desire to perform effectively, either because attempting to achieve is challenging and interesting or because success leads to favorable self and publich images. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency to feel tense, worried, or awkward in novel situations and with unfamiliar people. |
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Term
| If your goal is to convey high status and power, you have 4 self-presentation strategies. What are they? |
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Definition
Display the artifacts of status and power
Conspicious consumption
Associate with people of status and power
Communicate dominance with nonverbal expressions |
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Term
| Basking in reflected glory |
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Definition
| The process of presenting our association with successful, high status others or events. For example, people wearing a football teams jersey just after they won the superbowl. |
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Term
| Cutting off reflected failure |
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Definition
| The process of distancing ourselves from unsuccessful, low-status others or events. For example, the NAACP distancing themselves from Sterling. |
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Term
| What factors influence the bystander effect? |
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Definition
Alone (80% help) vs. in a group (20% help)
Reducing ambiguity of needing help
More serious situations usually influence more helping
Similarity of victim and bystander
Masculinity of bystander reduces helping
Reducing costs against bystanders |
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Term
| If I get a dish at a restaurant that I usually enjoy, but the order is wrong and I don't like it, is it aggressive or assertive? |
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Definition
| It's assertive! Not aggressive. |
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Term
| The robber's cave experiment was about which theory? What other effects from other concepts were present? |
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Definition
It was about Realistic Conflict Theory.
It was also about the effects of intragroup competition and using superordinate goals to bring together oppositional groups |
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Term
| If stereotypes are bad, why do we use them? |
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Definition
| Because they save cognitive effort! It's a heuristic. |
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Term
| The "texan and proud" hat vs. "gay and proud" hat experiment was about....? |
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Definition
| It was about Interpersonal Discrimination. Nobody did any outward formal discriminations, they just did subtle things like not talk to them as much or not sit with them. |
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Term
| Self-handicapping is a self-presentation strategy attempting to do..... |
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Definition
| Self-handicapping is about Self Promotion |
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Term
| Why do we do Impression Management? |
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Definition
- To control others impressions
- To construct a self image
- Self Perception
- Facilitate smooth social interactions |
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Term
| When do we do impression management? |
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Definition
When we want to strategize! When:
- Others control something we want
- Increases with importance of goal
- Believe important observers hold undesirable impressions of us |
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Term
| What are the 6 frequently used Self-Presentation strategies? |
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Definition
- Ingratiation (attempting to get others to like us)
- Self-Promotion (attempting to get others to see us as competent
- Exemplification (attempting to be seen as morally worthy)
- Supplication (attempting to appear helpless)
- Intimidation (attempting to be feared)
- Status and Power (attempting to convert status and power) |
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Term
| Flattery, expressing liking, compliments, and mimicry, are all examples of....? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the problem with ingratiation? what is the solution |
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Definition
If others are aware that someone is using ingratiation on them to get them to like them, they feel like they are being manipulated and demeaned.
Solution: Flatter when unexpected or have someone else do it for you! |
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Term
| The study where women changed their attitudes to match the gender attitudes of desirable men, was an example of.....'' |
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Definition
| Ingratiation, in that they attempted to conform or gain similarity to the attractive men in order to get them to like them. |
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Term
| Staging performances to get others to see you as comptent is an example of ....? |
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Definition
| Self-Promotion strategy of self-presentation |
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Term
| Claiming competence, like saying you are really good something, to get others to see you as competent is an example of.... |
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Definition
| Self Promotion strategy of self-presentation. |
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Term
| You walk a fine line trying to blow your own horn and claiming competence, people might be put off by it. How do you resolve this? |
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Definition
| Have someone else do it for you or make fun of your standing on an unimportant attribute. |
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Term
| Pointing out obstacles or making excuses (aka Self Handicapping) is an example of ....? |
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Definition
| Self-Promotion, attempting to be seen as competent. |
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Term
| The study where participants either took a drug that enhanced intellectual importance or a drug that inhibited intellectual performance, it was an example of ??? People were more likely to take which drug? |
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Definition
| Example of Self-Handicapping and Self-Promotion concept. People were more likely to take the inhibiting drug because it would protect their self-esteem. |
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Term
If you use self-handicapping and you fail, what are your attributions?
If you succeed, what are your attributions?
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Definition
If you fail, the self-handicapping provides an alternative explanation that discounts your ability as the cause of poor performance.
If you succeed, the self-handicapping represents an inhibitory cause leads to augmenting of ability as the cause for performance. |
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Term
| What is the possible problem/consequence with using exemplification as a strategy of self-presentation? |
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Definition
| That others will see you as a hypocrite. |
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Term
| What is the consequence/problem with using supplication in self-presentation? |
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Definition
| That others will see you as lazy and demanding. |
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Term
| What is the consequence/problem of using intimidation to do self-presentation? |
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Definition
| That someone will call your bluff and not take you seriously. |
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Term
| Buying nice cars and owning nice things (conspicious consumption) is an example of what self-presentation strategy? |
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Definition
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Term
| The desire to be near others and to have pleasant interactions with them |
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Definition
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Term
| a motivation to bond with others in relationships that provide ongoing positive interactions |
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Definition
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Term
| emotional, material, or informational assistance provided by other people |
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Definition
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Term
| When it comes to social realities, whose is most important? |
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Definition
| Other people's opinions are all that matters |
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Term
| Who we become friends with and who we like is influenced by which 3 things? What is the most powerful? |
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Definition
Similarity, proximity, and attractiveness.
Similarity is the most powerful. |
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Term
| Proximity for creating friendships is comprised of not only geographical nearness, but also |
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Definition
| interaction, functional distance, and anticipation of interaction |
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Term
| The tendency to feel positively towards stimuli we have seen frequently |
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Definition
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Term
| Mere Exposure occurs concsciously or outside our conscious awareness? |
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Definition
| Outside our conscious awareness |
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Term
| What are the two reasons why physical attractiveness is a powerful predictor of initial liking of another? |
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Definition
| Because of the general aesthetic appeal and the what-is-beautiful-is-good stereotype (believe physically attractive individuals possess desirable personality characteristics). |
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Term
| The belief that physically attractive individuals also possess desirable personality characteristics |
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Definition
| The "What-is-beautiful-is-good" stereotype |
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Term
| To determine attractiveness, the most common approach is to... |
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Definition
| Have large numbers of people agree to what faces are very attractive or unattractive. |
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Term
| Liking or disliking a stranger because they simply resembled someone you liked or disliked |
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Definition
| Attraction by association |
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Term
| Contrary to popular wisdom, do opposites attract or do birds of a feather flock together? |
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Definition
| Birds of a feather flock together |
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Term
| When it comes to well-dressed unattractive men to good-looking men who work at burger king, which is more attractive to women? What about to men for women? |
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Definition
| well-dressed unattractive men for women, men prefer opposite. Men prefer unattractive burger king girl. |
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Term
| When it comes to perceiving levels of sexual interest, men tend to.... and women tend to.....This is true even when observing the situation happening to others. |
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Definition
| Men tend to overperceive sexual interest from women and women tend to less so percieve sexual interest from men. |
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Term
| How many kind of love are there? |
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Definition
| Two. There is passionate love and companionate love. |
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Term
| An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship. |
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Definition
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Term
| A deep, affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the two-factor theory of love? |
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Definition
That feelings of love consist of:
General Physiological Arousal + A label for that arousal |
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Term
| The mechanism for why the rope bridge results in more phone calls to the interviewer over the sturdy bridge is due to.... |
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Definition
| The rope bridge causing men to experience higher levels of adrenaline and increased physiological arousal of which they label as love for the interviewer. |
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Term
| The rope bridge vs. sturdy bridge study was an example of what phenomenon? |
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Definition
| The misattribution of arousal! |
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Term
| The process whereby people make mistaken inferences about what is causing them to feel the way they do. |
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Definition
| misattribution of arousal |
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Term
| What is the prerequisite for the vast majority of our social interactions? |
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Definition
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Term
| Many friendships in grade school are determined by...? |
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Definition
| in part by seating charts |
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Term
| What are the facial measures that quantify facial attractiveness for men and women? |
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Definition
| Men with hard chins and women with soft childlike features. |
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Term
What explains why, as the night gets later, greater ratings of attractiveness to people who are left...
"There may be fewer choices available, but the best choices are still here." |
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Definition
Psychological reactance,
created by the threat to freedom. |
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Term
| Althought there are general traits of physical attractiveness, individuals have... |
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Definition
| individuals have idiosyncratic standards of attractiveness too |
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Term
| Although most people may desire the most attractive friends and mates, most people pair up with someone who is roughly similar in physical attractiveness |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is it true that "birds of a feather flock together"? |
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Definition
4 reasons
Demographic similarity in friends and partners
Similarity in personality and mood
Similarity in physical attractiveness
Similarity in attitudes |
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Term
| When it comes to minimum intelligence desired to date someone, have sex with someone, to be in a steady relationship, and to marry, men and women did not differ except in which category? |
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Definition
| Men have lower standards for minimum level of intelligence desired to have sex with someone, and even lower when considering a "one night stand". |
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Term
| When asked by a stranger if they wanted to go out, go back to strangers' apt, or go to bed with stranger, men and women.... |
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Definition
| diverge as requests get more serious, with men more so saying yes as requests get more serious, and women more so saying no and rejecting requests as they get more serious, with zero women accepting a sexual invitation |
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Term
| When it comes to age, men and women prefer? Do marriages show a similar pattern? |
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Definition
Only older men prefer younger women
And women of all ages prefer men their age or older
Marriages show a similar pattern.
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Term
| A growing trend among powerful chief executives, and CEO self-indulgence, and the cultural image of a mature man in his late 40s or 50s is to ....? |
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Definition
| have a trophy wife, aka good looking young wife |
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Term
| When a mismatch in attractiveness occurs, its due to a |
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Definition
| "looks for status" trade-off, either a trophy wife or trophy husband |
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Term
| For women, the cost is high is she is naive about a guy's commital intentions, whereas for men the cost is high to miss an opportunity for sex. The theory that explains this is.... |
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Definition
| Error Management Theory. Explains why mistaking someone's interest is more costly for one gender than the other. |
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Term
| The theory that posits that we can confuse the specific cause of our arousal and may mistake fear or anxiety for "love". |
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Definition
| The Two Factor Theory of love. The mechanism for it is called the misattribution of arousal. |
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Term
| BIRGing and CORFing are what? What type of self-presentation strategy do they fall under? |
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Definition
Basking in reflected glory & Cutting off Reflected Failure
Fall under Status and Power |
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Term
| Displaying dominance is an example of what self-presentation strategy? What are it's nonverbal channels? |
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Definition
Status and Power
Nonverbals:
facial expressions
eye contact
body movements
postures
touching |
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Term
| What is the first thing we notice about another person and is a rich source of information about underlying emotion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 6 universal face emotional expressions? |
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Definition
| Happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, surprise |
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Term
| A hockey goalie uses his mask to do.... |
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Definition
| to communicate basic emotions like ANGER. |
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Term
| Are people good at detecting deception in nonverbal displays? Who is the best? |
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Definition
| People aren't too good at it. US Secret service agents are the best. |
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Term
| What things tips off deception? Whether someone is lying? |
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Definition
| Microexpressions, voice pitch, sentence repairs, pace, shifts in pattern of eye contact, exaggerated facial expressions. |
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Term
| Ebay's ad "Belief" was an example of.....? |
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Definition
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Term
| Any action intended to benefit another (regardless of motive) |
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Definition
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Term
| Doing something that benefits another, intentionally for no external OR internal reward. Example of... |
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Definition
| Pure Altruism. Can't be rewarded with a prize or make you feel good. |
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Term
| What are the three explanations for why we help and engage in prosocial behavior? |
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Definition
1. Social exchange, give and recieve
2. Social Norms
3. Kin Protection,
helping a close relative promotes the survival of genes. |
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Term
| Motivated by the desire to increase one's own welfare |
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Definition
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Term
| Sometimes when a person seems to be altruistic, it could just be disguised ______. |
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Definition
| It could be disguised self-interest. |
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Term
| "Social Economics" of social exchange prosocial behaviors is all about.... |
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Definition
| maximizing your rewards and minimizing your costs |
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Term
| One of the social norms that explain prosocial behavior is..... |
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Definition
| Reciprocity norm - an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them |
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Term
| One of the social norms that explain prosocial behavior is..... |
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Definition
| Social-Responsibility Norm - Societal rule (injunctive norm) that people should help those dependent on them and in need of their assistance. |
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Term
| An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them |
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Definition
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Term
| Societal rule (injunctive norm) that people should help those dependent on them and in need of their assistance. |
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Definition
| Social-Responsibility Norm |
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Term
| Whether it is someone asking us for help with chores or saving a life, we are more likely to help who....? |
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Definition
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Term
| Reported in the newspaper, the 1964 attack of a woman resulted in how many people helping her? |
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Definition
| 0. No one even called the police |
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Term
| When it comes to the bystander effect, it takes two other people before you start to not help. True or false? |
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Definition
| False! As soon as one other person is present, people are less likely to help. Increases with the amount of bystanders. As well, when people do help, they take more time to start to help. |
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Term
| In regards to the bystander effect, people are more likely to help when the victim is calling out for help vs. not asking for help. T or F? |
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Definition
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Term
| When smoke enters a room where someone is working, they are more likely to escape then then when others are also sitting idly by. T or F? |
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Definition
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Term
| When others are present, the collective uncertainty may lead to hesitancy, which is collectively viewed as a sign that nothing is wrong and no action is needed. What is this called? |
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Definition
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Term
| The presence of others may inhibit helping - via - ......____ of responsibility. |
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Definition
| diffusion of responsibility |
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Term
| Even those who have red-cross training don't help when someone is hurt and there are bystanders. T or F? |
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Definition
| False! Redcross trained people help much more than non-redcross trained people. |
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Term
| What is the cost of helping someone who needs help? |
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Definition
| embarassment or punishment if they fail to help correctly. |
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Term
| In a study where people on the street had an interaction with a confederate who either gave them a positive mood or a negative mood, what happened to their ability to help a person moments later who dropped a package? |
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Definition
| Those who were put in a good mood helped a little bit more than neutral participants but those who were put in a bad mood helped far less. |
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Term
| When it comes to WHO we help, what three victim characteristics matter the most? |
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Definition
Gender, similarity, responsibility
Gender - women get help more than men
similarity - we help those who are similar to us
responsibility - we help those who were not responsible for their negative situation. |
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Term
| What are the five steps to eventually help and what are the five traps that could occur along the way? |
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Definition
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Term
| When participants got in a phone booth that had a free dime in it, did it have an effect on them helping someone who dropped their papers? |
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Definition
| Yes, it did! The free dime put them in a good mood and they helped 90% of the time (vs. 5%). |
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Term
| The idea that people use helping others to tactically manage their moods. |
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Definition
| Mood Management Hypothesis |
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Term
| Mood and Cost-benefit analyses show that |
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Definition
happy students help more than those in neutral moods, regardless of costs or benefits.
But sad students only helped when either costs were low AND at the same time benefits were high. They were especially less likely to help when there were high costs/low benefits. |
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Term
| Gourmets and Gourmands. Those in sad moods are like ______ and those in happy moods are like _____ |
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Definition
Those in sad moods are like gourments, hearty appetites but picky tastes.
those in happy moods are like gourmands, hearty appetites still but aren't picky eaters. |
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Term
| Perceivers drop certain details because they can't remember them, or detais do not fit their cognitive categories or assumptions |
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Definition
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Term
| Details of stories that are consistent with values and interpretations of the perceiver are emphasized. |
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Definition
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Term
| The cognitive component of prejudice, contains beliefs about members of the outgroup that may not be true. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ filters information in a selective way to preserve beliefs. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ create expectations that affect the way we think and behave toward members of an outgroup. |
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Definition
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Term
| When we fail to search for disconfirming evidence, have selective attention, interpret ambigious information, and have memory for consistent information, we are said to have an _____ |
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Definition
| Expectancy Confirmation Bias |
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Term
| _____ create expectations that affect the way we think and behave toward members of an outgroup. |
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Definition
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Term
| A belief that leads to its own fulfillment |
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Definition
| The self-fulfilling prophecy |
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Term
| Why did randomly labeled "Bloomers" students outperform other students? |
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Definition
| Self-Fulfilling prophecy. Teachers behaviors have a strong impact on student performance. With expectations in mind, they treat students accordingly. |
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Term
| The phone conversation study, recorded behaviors of men and women in relation to conversations with people that were manipulated as 'attractive' or 'unattractive'. How did the self-fulfilling prophecy play out? |
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Definition
The attractive call-ees were rated as more sociable, poised, humorous, and socially skilled. Reverse true for unattractive call-ees.
The participants who were portrayed as attractive spoke more warmly than the participants who were portrayed as unattractive. |
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Term
| An attitude or feeling toward members of some group, based solely on their membership in that group. |
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Definition
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Term
| Discrimination can play out in car sales too, where in one study...... |
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Definition
White men were offered the best initial deals, with white women, black women, and black men getting corresondingly less of a deal.
Salespeople also made more concessions to whites than blacks, although identical strategies. |
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Term
| If stereotypes are bad, why do they persist? |
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Definition
| Because stereotypes save cognitive effort |
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Term
| When students minds were occupied with remembering an 8-digit number, they used ____ stereotypes....evidence for______ |
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Definition
| they used more stereotypes. Evidence for it being a cogntive heuristic shortcut. |
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Term
| Because there is intergroup competition for resources, this leads to ______ persisting. |
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Definition
| stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimation persisting. |
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Term
| The idea that limited resources lead to conflict between groups and result in increased prejudice and discrimination. |
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Definition
| Realistic conflict theory |
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Term
| Phase I, II, and III of the Robber's Cave Experiment were about what? |
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Definition
Phase I was building intragroup cooperation and group cohesion
Phase II was about building intergroup competition
Phase III was about using superordinate goals to help the two groups work together. After the cooperative activities, more of them had friends that were in out-group |
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Term
| What are the 4 reasons prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination persist? |
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Definition
| Stereotypes save cognitive effort, intergroup competition, need to bolster self-esteem & self-image, need to gain social approval |
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Term
| In one study where participants rated jewish and italian individuals, and who were either prior given positive or negative feedback......what happened? |
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Definition
When a participant got negative feedback, they rated jewish applicants more negatively. Positive feedback didn't affect ratings
As well, self-esteem only increased and bolstered for participants that saw a jewish applicant after receiving negative feedback, Evidence that we derogate out-groups to make ourselves feel better. |
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Term
| In the frat/sorority study on prejudice against outgroup, members didn't differ in their private or public bias towards other groups, but pledges..... |
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Definition
| pledges privately expressed less bias but publicly expressed more bias! Evidence that wanting social approval and acceptance can change expression of bias. |
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Term
| Where inmates were randomly assigned to high or low racially prejudice wardens, those who had racially tolerant wardens saw...... |
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Definition
| more decreases in inmate prejudice expressed, less of increases, and fewer who stayed the same. |
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Term
| A prejudiced social environment provides permission for people to.... |
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Definition
| express bigoted opinions they already hold. |
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Term
| Discrimination built into legal, political, social and economic institutions hiring, access, resources |
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Definition
| Direct or Formal discrimination |
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Term
| Discrimination that is subtly nonverbal or verbal, not built into legal institutions. |
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Definition
| Indirect discrimination or interpersonal discrimination. |
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Term
| The study on customer service with 'overweight' and average confederates, casual clothing or professional clothing, how many formal discriminations? Who recieved the worst treatment? |
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Definition
no formal discriminations
Overweight shoppers with casual clothing got worst treatment |
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Term
| How does interpersonal discrimination affect different contexts, like job hiring? |
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Definition
| although everyone has permission to fill out application, interpersonal discrimination can affect how long the job interview is (interaction length), how much is said (word count), and perceived negativity of interviewee, objective coded negativity. |
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Term
| Interpersonal discrimination is made up of what 4 things? |
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Definition
Interaction length
word count
perceived negativity
coded negativity |
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Term
| A disruptive concern, when facing a negative stereotype, that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype. |
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Definition
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Term
| Stereotypic beliefs about poor performance can create ______ that produces poor performance. |
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Definition
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Term
| In one study on stereotype threat, black and white students were compared on GRE tests, where they were either labeled as "diagnostic" of ability or they were not labeled. What happened? |
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Definition
In the "diagnostic test", whites did better than control, and blacks did worse than control and whites.
The nondiagnostic test showed no difference between groups. |
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Term
| Stereotypes can only serve to detriment performance. T or F? |
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Definition
| False! They can also boost performance, like when asians are primed for race before a math test. or when whites are NOT primed for race, they jump higher! |
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Term
| A behavior intended to injure another |
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Definition
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Term
| Behavior intended to express dominance or confidence |
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Definition
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Term
| Returning an uncooked dish at a restaraunt is aggressive. T or F? |
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Definition
| False! It's assertive. It wasn't intended to harm another person. |
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Term
| Attempt to hurt another without obvious face-to-face conflict |
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Definition
| Indirect aggression. i.e. spreading a rumor |
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Term
| Behavior intended to hurt someone to 'his or her face' |
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Definition
| Direct Aggression i.e. punching someone |
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Term
| hurtful behavior that stems from angry feelings |
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Definition
| Emotional Aggression i.e. yelling at clerk after long DMV line |
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Term
| Hurting another to accomplish another goal (albeit non-aggressive goal) |
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Definition
| Instrumental Aggression i.e. Homer slapping people with glove |
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Term
| In reporting feelings of anger, are there sex diffences? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is more likely to use physical aggression against partners, men or women? Whose does more harm? |
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Definition
women
Men's does more harm. |
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Term
| Men have commited the vast majority of homicides. T or F? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 goals aggression may have? |
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Definition
To gain or maintain social status
To gain material or social rewards
To cope with feelings of annoyance |
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Term
| What lowers another's status and is linked to aggression? |
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Definition
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Term
| Insults have been linked to aggressive behaviors in the lab, events that make teenagers most angry, college students homicidal fantasies, urban gang fights, and male homicides. True or false! |
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Definition
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Term
| The McCoy and Hatfield feud exemplified what? |
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Definition
The culture of honor!
and its consequences of aggression |
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Term
| The set of societal norms with central idea that people (particularly men) should be ready to defend their honor with violent retaliation if necessary, and is more frequent in the South U.S. |
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Definition
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Term
| Who responds more aggressively to insults, Northerners or Southerners? |
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Definition
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Term
| When insulted, southerners engage in more status gaining behaviors such as....(3)? |
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Definition
They hold their grip longer
They shake hands more firmly
They show an increase in testosterone and cortisol |
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Term
| The culture of honor doesn't differ in its violent responses among northerners and southerners except where.....? |
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Definition
| Someone is drunk and bumps into you and your wife. |
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Term
| The Tonya Harding and Nancy Kerrigan story is an example of what, and what goal? |
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Definition
Indirect instrumental aggression,
with the goal of gaining material and social rewards |
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Term
| When asians are primed for their race on a math test, and they do better, this is called? |
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Definition
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