Term
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Definition
| actions intended to benefit others |
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Term
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Definition
| preferential helping of genetic relatives, which results in the greater likelihood that genes held in common will survive |
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Term
| arousal: cost-reward model |
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Definition
| the proposition that people react to emeergnecy situations by acting in the most cost effective way to reduce the arousal of shock and alarm |
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Definition
| motiviated by the desire to improve anothers welfare |
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Definition
| motivated by the desire to increase ones own welfare |
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Term
| empathy-altruism hypothesis |
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Definition
| the propostition that empathic concern for a person in need produces an altruistic motive for helping |
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Term
| negative state of relief model |
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Definition
| people help others in order counteract their own feelings of sadness |
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Term
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Definition
| the presence of others inhibits helping |
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Term
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Definition
| ppl mistakenly think their thoughts n feelings are diff from those of others, even tho everyones are the same |
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Term
| diffusion of responsibility |
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Definition
| others will or should take responsibility for helping someone in need |
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Term
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Definition
| reluctance to help for fear of making a bad impression on observers |
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Term
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Definition
| a good mood increases helping others |
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Term
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Definition
| rule of conduct reflecting standards of social approval n disapproval |
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Term
| norm of social respnsibility |
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Definition
| moral standard emphasizing that ppl should help those who need help |
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Term
| threat to self esteem model |
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Definition
| theory that reactions to recieveing help depend on whether the help is percieved as supportive or threathening |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior intended to harm someone |
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Term
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Definition
| inflicting harm in order to obtain something of value |
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Term
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Definition
| inflicting harm for its own sake |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior is learned thru the observation of others as well as thru the direct experience of rewards n punishments |
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Term
| frustration-aggression hypothesis |
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Definition
| 1, frustration always elicits the motive to aggress n 2, all aggression is caused by frustration |
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Term
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Definition
| aggressing against a substitute target bc aggressive acts against the source of the frustration are inhibited by fear or lack of access |
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Term
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Definition
| reduction of the motive to aggress that is said to result from any imagined, observed, or actual act of aggression |
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Term
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Definition
| the proposition that ggression is influence by both the intensity of arousal and the type of emtion produced by a stimulus |
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Term
| cognitive neoassociation analysis |
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Definition
| view that unpleasant experiences create negative affect, which in turn stimulates associations connected with anger n fear. emotional n behavioral outcomes then depend, in part, on higer-order cognitvie processing |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency of weapons to increase the liklihood of aggression by their mere presence |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to percieve hostile intent in others |
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Term
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Definition
| info about a persons situation indicating that he or she should not be held fully responsible for aggressive actions |
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Term
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Definition
| reduction in emotion-related physiological reactivity in response to a stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which the mass media construct a version of social reality for the public |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the transmission iof domestic violence across generations |
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Term
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Definition
| the pretial examination of prospective jurors by the judge or opposing lawyers to uncover signs of bias |
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Term
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Definition
| a means by which lawyers can exlcude a limited number of prospective jurors without the judges approval |
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Term
| scientific jury selection |
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Definition
| a method of selecting juries thru surveys that yield correlations b/t demographics n trial-relevant attitudes |
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Term
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Definition
| a hury-selection procedure used in capital cases that permits judges to exclude prospective jurors who say they would not vote for the death penalty |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanical instrument that records physiological arousal from multiple channles; it is often used as a lie-detector test |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency for presence of a weapon to draw attnetion n impair a witness' ability to indentify the culprit |
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Term
| cross-race indentification |
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Definition
| the tendency for ppl to have difficulty identifying members of a race other than their own |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency for false postevent imsinformation to become integrated into ppls memory of an event |
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Term
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Definition
| jury's pwoer to disregard, or nullify, the law when it conflicts woth personal conceptions of justice |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency for jury deliberation to produce a tilt toward acquittal |
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Term
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Definition
| inconsistency of sentences for the same offense from one judge to another |
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Term
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Definition
| a dispute-resolution system in which the prosection n defense present opposing sides of the story |
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Term
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Definition
| a dispute-resolution system in which a neutral investigator gathers evidence from both sdies n presents the findings in court |
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