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| Social Psych vs. Sociology |
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Definition
Social Psych-Individual, immediate stimuli, psychological states, personality traits, experimentation
Sociology-group, societal variables, surveys, observation, correlations |
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| uses scientific methods in "an attempt to understand and explain how the thought , feeling, and behavior of individuals are influenced by actual, imagined or implied presence of others. |
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| the process by which someone's expectations about a person or group leads to the fulfillment of those expectations |
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| Individualists v. Collectivism |
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| Do cultures stress individuality or emphasize group needs over individual needs (Collectivism)? |
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| The Hot vs. Cold approach |
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| Thinking emotionally (Heart) or rationally (Head |
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We weren’t gaining anything from the studies. A lot of the studies dealt with love and weren’t aiding in anything. A lot of government funding stopped
In the 80’s it began to gain momentum again |
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| First empirical study. Cyclists went faster when watched. SOCIAL FACILITATION |
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| First Social psych LIKE books |
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| 1st Social psych book. made it a discipline |
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| used in war for morale and recruiting, Icky Meats campaign aided by Jewish refugee Kurt Lewin...paralleled the world (Hitler)...lost steam until 80s |
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| Experimental vs. Correlational |
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Definition
| SP is experimental. Sociology is Correlational |
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| Social psychologists are usually phds at colleges or universities |
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| is what’s being thought about, object of reflection |
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| Mead's Stages of Development |
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Definition
Preparatory stage: occurs before language, infant, uses symbols but only imitating
- Play stage: self emerges as language is learned, pre-school age, kids start to play make-believe, take on the role of others, but only one role at a time
- Game stage: can assimilate all roles at one time, knows how they fit together to define“me” |
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| James' Idea of self as a process of Identification |
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Definition
James: less concerned with how the self develops (like Mead), more concerned with emotional
identity and the concept of “me”
How do we emotionally identify with something?
- Physical
- Spiritual
- Social
- Material |
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| sum total of a person's total thoughts and feelings |
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| Types of self-concept statements |
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Definition
1. Physical self-descriptors (ie- blonde)
2. Social self-descriptors (daughter)
3. Attributive self-descriptors (happy)
4. Global self-descriptors (human |
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Definition
I am..
- In the 1950’s the majority of Americans were focused on social descriptors, by the late
1970’s most were attributive
- Individualist v. Collective cultures
- In individualist cultures, what’s important in defining the self is the self
(attributive self-descriptors)
- For collectivist cultures, others are important when defining the self
(social self-descriptors |
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Definition
| how you see yourself in certain situations, ingredients of self-concept |
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| directs our attention to relevant info using previous stimuli |
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People who had a schema for their gender made decisions more quickly (when asked
questions about themselves) than those who did not- schema is a short cut |
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| Group performance and social identity: Ingroups (us) vs. Outgroups (them) |
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| basking in reflected glory |
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Definition
| cubs win, we say "we won!" |
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| cutting off reflected failure |
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Definition
| cubs lose, we say "they suck!" |
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Term
| unexamined ethnic identity |
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Definition
- unexamined ethnic identity can breed self-hatred, not being aware of who you are and
interpreting the messages from others can lead to self-fulfilling prophecies and
internalizing messages about your group
1. If you don’t examine your ethnic identity, you incorporate what everyone else thinks
of it into your life
2. Ethnic identity search- usually sparked by an incident
3. Achieved ethnic identity- comfortable accepting/rejecting info about your cultur |
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Term
| difference of ethnic identity and ingroups/outgroups |
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Definition
| cant cut yourself off from ethnic identity |
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| self awareness development |
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Definition
| 18 months, also in primates |
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temp state of being aware of hidden aspects of the self and includes personal attitudes and beliefs or feeling hungry.
will be more likely to adhere by own beliefs, not public's |
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| personality trait, not a state, habitual self-awareness |
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| knowing ppl are watching, mometary loss of self-esteem, worried ppl are evaluating you |
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| high/low self consciousness |
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| high-low self-esteem and less likely to get sick b/c they know their body |
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| public self-consciousness |
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| Public: much more concerned with what others think of them and are more likely to judge a book by its cove |
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| Self-esteem- low self-esteem less likely to take risk |
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| reflecting glory of others accomplishments and using that for self-evaluation |
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| rowena's parents comparing her to friends children |
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| compare yourself to ppl worse than you to make you feel better |
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| things we say to make us feel better |
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| things we say to make us feel better |
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| strategic presentation (5 types) |
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Definition
exemplification-seem like a great person
modesty-underrepresent self
intimidation-force ppl to like u
supplication-advertise your incompetency, sound sad and pathetic
ingratiation-flattery |
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Term
| embarrassment is accompanied with... |
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Definition
| activation of the sympathetic nervous system |
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| partying before an exam so you have an excuse if you do bad |
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| gives ppl what they want to hear, presents self very well |
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| spontaneous activities, selfish, truthful |
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| the process by which we integrate various sources of information about another into overall impressions |
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| physical appearances used the most, what info they voluntarily give |
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| a fixed way of thinking about ppl that puts them into categories and doesnt allow for individual variation |
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| avoiding eye contact, hands on face |
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| Heider's Naive Psychology |
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ppl feel the need to form a coherent view of the world and gain control of environment
internal/external-im really smart/tan is great prof |
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| implicit personality theory |
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| assumptions ppl make about which personality traits go together---assume good student is good person |
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| think ppl you like have same beliefs as you |
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| tendency for ppl to rate individual human beings more positively than groups or impersonal objects---dislike intro to psych, but like the students |
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| tendency for negative traits to bear weighted more heavily in impression than positive....remember bad beats |
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| 1st piece of info remembered best |
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| last bit of info to be remembered best |
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| Kelley's covariation model and principles |
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Definition
for something to cause a behavior that something must be present and vice versa
consensus-other students do it
consistency-does this student always do it
disticctiveness- other classes? (fall asleep) |
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| others issues on internal causes, our own issues on external; The tendency to attribute other’s behavior to external causes |
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| The tendency to assign an internal locus of causality for our positive outcome...bad things happen cuz of external |
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| tendency to judge the category membership of things based on how closely they match the "typical" or average member of that category |
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| the tendency to judge the frequency or probability of an event in terms of how easy it is to think of examples of that event |
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| Correspondent Interference Theory |
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Definition
| The action of an actor corresponds to or is indicative of a stable personality |
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| Fundamental Attribution Error |
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Definition
When explaining the actions of others, we tend to locate the cause in terms of
dispositional characteristics rather than more appropriate situational factors |
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