Term
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Definition
| an action intended to soley benefit another person |
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Term
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Definition
| actions by an individual that helps another person |
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Term
| Empathy-altruism hypothesis |
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Definition
| some prosocial acts are motivated by a desire to help someone in need |
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Term
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Definition
| help people who share our genes |
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Term
| Burnstein, Crandall, and Kitayama 1994 |
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Definition
for everyday helping: people tend to help close relatives than non.
for life or death helping: even more likely to help relatives |
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Term
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Definition
| people are less likely to offer help when they are in a group than when theyre alone |
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Term
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Definition
| 1.noticing, or failing to notice something unusual is happen. 2. correctly interpret an even as an emergency. 3. take responsibility for providing help. 4. decide that you have the skills or knowledge to help. 5.make a final decision to help |
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Term
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Definition
| people often look to other people on cues how to behave. |
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Term
| Diffusion of responsibility |
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Definition
| reduction in feeling responsible that occurs when others are present. |
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Term
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Definition
| participants led to believe someone having a seizure on phone. results: when alone helped almost every1. w/ 6 people, generally didnt help. |
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Definition
| more likely to help people we like and with similar age, race and gender |
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Definition
| 65% helper when yelled,"I dont know you!" 19% helped for," I dont know why I married you!" |
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Term
| Positive and negative emotions and helping |
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Definition
| more likely to help when in a good mood and visa versa |
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Term
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Definition
| cluster of traits that predisposes individuals to behave prosocially |
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Term
| 5 steps of altruistic personality |
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Definition
| 1-empathy 2-belief in a just world 3-social responsibility 4-internal locus of control 5-low egocentrism |
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Term
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Definition
| males more helpful towards strangers and in emergencies. females helpful in close relationships and situations that require repeated contact |
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Term
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Definition
| individual members are bonded to eachother ex-sports or work teams |
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Term
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Definition
members linked by a common category
ex-gender/national groups |
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Term
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Definition
| extend to which a group is perceived as a coherent entity. |
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Term
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Definition
| an individual's position/rank w/in a group |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of behaviors expected of people who hold certain positions |
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Term
| Stanford Prison Experiment |
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Definition
| male college students assigned to be prisoner/guard. in a few days guards becam abusive and prisoners became passive and depressed |
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Term
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Definition
| rules or expectations concerning concerning members behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| maintain harmony amoung group members, even if it involves personal cost |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals stand out from one another, even if it leads to disagreements |
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Term
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Definition
| forces that cause members to stay in groups |
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Term
| Benefits of Joining groups |
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Definition
| slef knowledge and goal achievement |
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Term
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Definition
| restriction of personal freedom, demands on personal time, group values may change over time |
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Term
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Definition
| putting effort into joinging an unattractive group may increase group commitment |
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Term
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Definition
| the presence of others can influence our performance |
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Term
| Distraction-Conflict theory |
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Definition
| during task performance, the presence of others is distracting |
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Term
| Drive Theory of Social Facilitation |
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Definition
| the mere presence of others increases arousal, which facilitates well-learned responses |
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Term
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Definition
| reduced effort/motivation when individuals work in groups instead of alone |
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Term
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Definition
| reduced self awareness as a result of being in a large crowd |
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Term
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Definition
| your outcomes improve if you act selfishly; but if everyone does this, every1 suffers |
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Term
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Definition
| are we receiving our fair share of rewards? |
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Term
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Definition
| are the procedures for distributing rewards fair? |
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Term
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Definition
| exchange of offers, counter offers and concessions |
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Term
| Success of reducing conflict depends on? |
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Definition
| reducing opponents' hopes and encouraging them to settle and make intergrative agreements |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for groups to shift towards more extreme positions than those initially held |
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Term
| Why does polarization occur? |
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Definition
| biased discussion and social comparison |
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Term
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Definition
| highly cohesive groups tend to assume they cant be wrong, ignore contrary info and pressure members to conform |
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Term
| Why does groupthink occur? |
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Definition
| strong cohesiveness and resistance to outside criticism |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior intended to injure another person who is motivated to avoid harm |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic survival rather than survival of the individual |
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Term
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Definition
| aggression stems from an external condition that arouse that motive to harm/injure others |
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Term
| Frustration-aggression hypothesis |
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Definition
| frustration leads to some form of aggression |
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Term
| Social Learning Perspective |
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Definition
| We learn aggression by observing and imitating others |
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Term
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Definition
| children exposed to aggressive role model were likely to attack the Bobo doll |
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Term
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Definition
| Aggression is triggered by a wide range of input variables that influence arousal, affective states and cognitions |
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Term
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Definition
| actions by others that tend to trigger aggression in the recipient |
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Term
| Excitation transfer theory |
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Definition
| arousal produced in one situation can intensify emotional reactions occuring in later situations |
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Term
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Definition
73% of aggressors went unpunished
58% of victims not shown in pain |
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Term
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Definition
| increases mens willingness to aggress against women |
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Term
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Definition
| aggression is an appropriate response to an insult of one's honor |
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Term
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Definition
male college student delivers materials to lab and had to walk past confederate.
participants insulted or not by confed.
-northerners more amused and less anry
-southerners more angry and less amused |
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Term
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Definition
competitive, time urgency, hostile aggression.
may engage in child and spouse abuse |
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Term
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Definition
-males more likely to be aggressive and employ direct aggression.
-females more likelly to employ indirect aggression |
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Term
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Definition
| objects whose presence increase probability of aggression |
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Term
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Definition
| the aggressive drive is reduce when one releases aggressive energy |
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Term
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Definition
-understanding social/practical probs
-developes interventions strategies to improve lives |
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Term
| Robbery Murder Case (Loftus 1974) |
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Definition
| eye witness testimony had higher persuasion of conviction |
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Term
| Cognitive interview techniques |
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Definition
| recall every detail from the event w/out interruption |
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Term
| Improving Police Line ups |
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Definition
-blank line ups
-careful selection of people who arent suspects
-avoid bias instructions |
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Term
| Theory of Planned behavior |
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Definition
| behavior intentions are the most direct predictor of engagement in heatlh behaviors |
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Term
| Cohen et al 1998 stressful events |
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Definition
| chronic stresses assoc w/ developement of a cold |
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Term
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Definition
| women are judged harsher than men for engaging in sexual permissive behaviors |
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Term
| Women's casual sex more legit if? |
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Definition
| she is emotionallly involved w/ the person |
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Term
| Predictions of Friends w/ benefits |
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Definition
-men are more likely to be in these b/c they desire sex and are more commited to the sexual aspect
-women should be likely to being them b/c they desire intimacy and are more commiitted to the friendship aspect |
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Term
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Definition
| increase initial attraction to a partner. |
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Term
| Negative consequences of secret relationship |
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Definition
-lower relationship quality
-reduced committment
-worse health for partners |
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Term
| Who are people most likely to keep a relationship secret from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Biggest and least motivator to keep a relationship secret? |
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Definition
biggest-fear of disapproval by family and friends
-least-excitement |
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