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Definition
| behavior intended to injure another. behavior, intended, aim to harm |
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| behavior intended to express dominance or confidence |
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| discharge of aggressive impulses |
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| cognitive neoassociation theory |
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Definition
| theory that unpleasant feelings or the presence of weapons can pime a network of aggression-related thoughts and feelings. depending on person-situation interaction, expressed as either aggression or flight |
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| saving face, societal norms based on idea that people (mostly men) should defend honor with violent retaliation if necessary |
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| defensive attributional style |
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Definition
| tendency to notice threats and interpret other people's behavior as intended to do one harm |
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| differential parental investment |
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Definition
| sex who has more invested in offspring is more selective in choosing mates |
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| indirect expression of aggression away from person who elicited it |
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| cost benefit of aggressiveness, benefits versus dangers |
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| stems from angry feelings |
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| excitation-transfer theory |
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Definition
| anger is physiologically similar to other emotional states, and any form of emotional arousal can enhance aggressive responses |
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| frustration-aggression hypothesis |
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Definition
| theory that aggression is an automatic response to any blocking of goal-directed behavior. focuses solely on frustration as cause |
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Term
| frustration-aggression hypothesis reformulated |
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Definition
| theory that unpleasant stimulation causes aggressive response to the extent that the stimulation caused unpleasant feelings |
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Definition
| talking shit, aggression behind ones back |
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Definition
| not stemming from emotional feelings or anger, but aggression intended to achieve non-violent goal |
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Definition
| statistical combination of results from different studies of the same topic. used to find recurring themes across studies when some things contradict |
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Definition
| individual characterized by low empathy, grandiose self image, lack of sensitivity to punishment. more likely to engage in instrumental aggression, motivation for personal gain |
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| feeling that one has less than others to whom one compares himself |
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Definition
| form of natural selection favoring traits that are found to increase ability to mate or assist in competing with members of own sex |
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Definition
| theory that aggression is learned through direct rewards or through observation of others being rewarded for aggression |
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Term
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Definition
| personality characteristics including time urgency, competitiveness, associated with coronary disease |
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Definition
| tendency for weapons, such as guns, to elicit aggression due to associations. cognitive neoassociation |
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Definition
| tendency to submit to those having greater authority and to denigrate those having less authority. |
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| behaviors directed toward people based on the group they belong to |
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Term
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Definition
| to reduce in one's mind the relevance of a particular domain to one's self-esteem |
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| religion as a means to gain friendship, status, other non religious goals |
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Definition
| tendency to benefit members of the group to which you belong to over members of other groups |
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| religion as a way of life, religion is an end in itself, internalize its teachings |
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Term
| minimal intergroup paradigm |
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Definition
| group formed characterized by short-term, arbitrary, artificial group with no prior contact, created to explore foundations of prejudice, racism, discrimination (ingroup bias) |
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| perceived outgroup homogeneity |
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Definition
| phenomenon of overestimating the extent to which members in other groups are similar to eachother. sharpen differences between groups, soften differences within groups |
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Definition
| generalized attitude toward members of a social group |
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| religion as a neverending quest for truth, these people are very open minded, exhibit very few stereotypical beliefs |
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| realistic group conflict theory |
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Definition
| group conflict (negative prejudices and stereotypes) stems from an actual competition for resources |
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Definition
| blaming members of another group for one's frustrations or failures |
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Term
| social dominance orientation |
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Definition
| level to which a person desires to view their own group as dominate to other groups and materially and socially superior to them |
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Term
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Definition
| beliefs and feelings we have toward the groups we see ourselves belonging to |
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Definition
| generalized beliefs about members of a social group |
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Definition
| the fear that one might confirm negative stereotypes associated with their group |
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Definition
| process of categorizing an individual as a member of a particular group and then inferring that he or she possesses the characteristics generally held by members of that group |
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Term
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Definition
| coping with feelings of annoyance, gain or maintain social status, protect oneself or one's group, gain material and social rewards |
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Term
| empathy level and aggression to gain material and social rewards |
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Definition
| the lower a person's empathy level, the more that person is likely to be aggressive to gain material and social rewards. If a person has high empathy, aggression is not worthwhile because it causes feelings of guilt and distress. |
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Term
| alcohol and aggression as a goal of gaining material and social rewards |
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Definition
| alcohol can reduce the amount of empathy a person has, therefore making the person much more likely to engage in aggression for personal gain. hence the positive correlation between alcohol use and rapes and abuse |
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Term
| methods to reduce violence |
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Definition
| rewarding alternatives, using cognition to cope with annoyance, legal punishment, prevention by removing threats |
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Term
| difference between prejudice, stereotype, discrimination |
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Definition
| attitude, belief, behavior |
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