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Definition
| as a threat to internal validity, the possibility that any naturally occurring change within the individual is responsible for the results |
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Definition
| a developmental research method in which the same persons are observed repeatedly as they grow older; conceptually similar to a repeated measures design |
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| interrupted time series design |
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Definition
| a design in which the effectiveness of a treatment is determined by examining a series of measurements made over an extended period of time both before and after the treatment is introduced. The treatment is not introduced at a random point in time |
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Definition
| as a threat to internal validity, the possibility that a change in the characteristics of the measurement instrument is responsible for the results |
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Definition
| as a threat to the internal validity of an experiment, refers to any outside event that is not part of the manipulation that could be responsible for the results |
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Definition
| a developmental research method in which persons of different ages ares studied at only one point in time; conceptually similar to an independent groups design |
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Definition
| an extension of the interrupted time series quasi experimental design in which there is a comparison or control group |
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| a group of people born at about the same time and exposed to the same societal events; cohort effects are founded with age in a cross sectional study |
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Definition
| in a single case design, the subjects behavior during a control period before introduction of the experimental manipulation |
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Definition
| observing behavior before and after a manipulation under multiple circumstances (across different individuals, different behaviors, or different settings) |
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| nonequivalent control group design |
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Definition
| a quasi-experimental design in which nonequivalent groups of subjects participate in the different experimental groups, and there is no pretest |
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Term
| nonequivalent control group pretest posttest design |
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Definition
| a quasi-experimental design in which nonequivalent groups are used, but a pretest allows assessment of equivalency and pretest-posttest changes |
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Term
| one group posttest only design |
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Definition
| a quasi-experimental design that has no control group and no pretest comparison; a very poor design in terms of internal validity |
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Term
| one group pretest posttest design |
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Definition
| a quasi-experimental design in which the effect of an independent variable is inferred from the pretest-posttest difference in a single group |
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| research designed to evaluate programs (e.g., social reforms, innovations) that are designed to produce certain changes or outcomes in a target population |
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| program theory assessment |
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Definition
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Term
| Quasi-experimental design |
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Definition
| a type of design that approximates the control features of true experiments to infer that a given treatment did have its intended effect |
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Term
| regression toward the mean (Statistical regression) |
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Definition
| also called statistical regression; principle that extreme scores on a variable tend to be closer to the mean when a second measurement is made |
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Definition
| a single case design in which the treatment is introduced after a baseline period and then withdrawn during a second baseline period. It may be extended by adding a second introduction of the treatment. Sometimes called a "withdrawal design" |
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Definition
| differences in the type of subjects who make up each group in an experimental design; this situation occurs when participants elect with group they are to be assigned to |
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Definition
| a combination of the cross-sectional and longitudinal design to study developmental research questions |
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Definition
| an experiment in which the effect of the independent variable is assessed using data from a single participant |
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Definition
| a threat to internal validity in which taking a pretest changes behavior without any effect on the independent variable |
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