Term
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Definition
| Beliefs about the self that organize and guide the processing of self-relevant information, specific beliefs you have about yourself, when you have thesse you pay attention to things that are relevant to that schema, they create the self concet |
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Term
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Definition
| how we think of ourselves, writing our autobiography |
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Term
| How is self concept determined?? |
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Definition
o your roles in your life (fanily ect.)
o Social identities(get from the groups you belong to)
o Comparisons about who we are compared to other people around us
o Whether you are successful or not, this will change our self concept
o Culture that we are in
o How others view us aka (looking glass self) |
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Term
| what are the types of self concept? |
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Definition
| independent and interdependent |
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Term
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Definition
defining oneself based on internal thoughts and feelings and actions, you have to take care of yourself, encouraged to express yourself, independent from our organization, value autonomy financial security, place trust in individuals not institutions, it is ok to be angry in situations
• (Western and Male) |
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Term
| interdependent self concept |
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Definition
defining oneself based on one’s identity in relation to others, from those around you, emotionally dependent of their organizaton, emphasis on belonging to these organizations, anger is seen as breakdown of relationships it is not encouraged, emotions focused on shame, anxiety
• (Eastern and Female)
• Types (break interdependent own)
• Collective: assimilating with your in group and comparing yourself with an out group
• Relational (seen as female version) define yourself in terms of relationships, and group memberships, assimilating with the others in your life |
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Term
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Definition
o Important aspects of the self are distinct in high complexity
o High self complexity have more positive self concept
o Low self complexity: failure in one place affects other places too |
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Term
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Definition
| the act of thinking about ourselves, reading your biography; when people focus on themselves they compare their behavior to internal standards |
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Term
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Definition
• Categorization – group people into categories,
• Identification – identify with a group, the group make you feel good
• Comparison – compare our group and other groups, you find that your group is obviously superior
• Psychological Distinctiveness – desire positive uniqueness from ingroup and outgroup, you want your group to be different from other groups, you want it to be special |
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Term
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Definition
• downward comparison
• if you want to feel good about yourself then do this |
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Term
| Goal of accuracy, (social comparison) |
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Definition
• similar other comparison
• when we want to know the truth we do this |
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Term
| Goal of aspirations, (social comparison) |
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Definition
• upward comparison
• if you have goals and want to achieve something |
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Term
| SEM Model (Self Evaluation Maintenance Model) |
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Definition
goal is to maintain a positive view about ourselves• Process
• distance ourselves from others who perform better on valued dimensions
• move closer to others who perform worse, it can predict friendships, friends are more threatening to you
• sabotage your friend |
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Term
| subjective self-awareness |
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Definition
| self is separate from other objects in one’s physical environment, you are separate from what is around you |
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Term
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Definition
| organism’s capacity to be the object of its own attention, example if youre thinking about yourself |
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Term
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Definition
| uniquely human capacity to form an abstract representation of the self through language, |
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Term
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Definition
| when our feelings are uncertain we infer them by examining our behavior and the situation, behavior must be freely chosen, attitudes creaete behavior and behavior creates attitude |
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Term
| overjustification effect (w/ self perception theory) |
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Definition
| tendency for people to view behavior as caused by extrinsic reasons, underestimating intrinsic reasons, hurts more if initial intrinsic motivation existed |
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Term
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Definition
| rewards that are given regardless of how well the task is done, as long as the task is completed |
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Term
| Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic Motivation |
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Definition
o Intrinsic motivation – internal desire for behavior
o Extrinsic motivation – external reward, money, not getting grounded/pressure for behavior, example: book it pizza party |
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Term
| performance contingent rewards |
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Definition
| rewards that are based on how well we perform a task, or the reward can also get larger, these create more anxiety but create more feelings of confidence so they might inspire more intrinsic motivation, if they are too controlling though then it hurts performance even more that a task contingent reward it will hurt your performance in the long run |
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Term
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Definition
| belief that one can achieve a goal as a result of one’s own actions, its all about control, belief you can do something |
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Term
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Definition
one’s overall attitude toward the self, how do you feel towards yourself
- Trait (global) how do you always feel about yourself vs. State (specific) how do you temporarily feel about yourself right now or today |
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Term
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Definition
| state self esteem is a gauge of your interpersonal relationships, it will predict your self esteem |
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Term
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Definition
o Low: leads to drug abuse, depression, poor grades, linked to terrorism ??
o High: bullying, narcissism, exhibitionism, interpersonal aggression |
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Term
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Definition
| idea that everyone rates themselves above average on positive attributes, overly optimistic about ourselves |
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Term
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Definition
two factor theory of emotion
1. arousal and interpretation of environment -> then this leads to emotion
Misattribution of arousal
2. appraisal theory of emotion- emotions result from peoples interpretaton of events |
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