Term
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Definition
| an evaluation of an object in a positive or negative fashion that includes the three elements of affect, cognitions, and behavior |
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Definition
| a numerical scale used to assess people's attitudes that includes a set of possible answers and that has anchors on each extreme |
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Term
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Definition
| the time it takes an individual to respond to a stimulus such as an attitude question |
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Term
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Definition
| an attitudinal function that serves to alert us to rewarding objects and situations we should approach and costly or punishing objects or situations we should avoid |
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Term
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Definition
| an attitudinal function that enables us to maintain cherished beliefs about ourselves by protecting us from awareness of our negative attributes and impulses or from facts that contradict our cherished beliefs or desires |
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Term
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Definition
| a theory that to ward off the anxiety we feel when contemplating our own demise, we cling to cultural worldviews and strongly held values out of a belief that by doing so part of us will survive |
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Term
| value-expressive function |
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Definition
| an attitudinal function whereby attitudes help us express our most cherished values - usually in groups in which they can be supported and reinforced |
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Term
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Definition
| groups whose opinions matter to us and that affect our opinions and beliefs |
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Definition
| an attitudinal function whereby attitudes help organize our understanding of the world, guiding how we attend to, store, and retrieve information |
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Term
| heuristic-systematic model |
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Definition
| a model of persuasion that maintains that there are two different routes of persuasion: the systematic route and the heuristic route |
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Term
| elaboration likelihood model (ELM) |
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Definition
| a model of persuasion that maintains that there are two different routes of persuasion: the central route and the peripheral route |
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Term
| central (systematic) route |
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Definition
| a persuasive route wherein people think carefully and deliberately about the content of a message, attending to its logic, cogency, and arguments, as well as to related evidence and principles |
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Term
| peripheral (heuristic) route |
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Definition
| a persuasive route wherein people attend to relatively simple, superficial cues related to the message, such as the length of the message or the expertise or attractiveness of the communicator |
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Term
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Definition
| characteristics of the person who delivers the message, including the person's attractiveness, credibility, and expertise |
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Term
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Definition
| an effect that occurs when messages from unreliable sources initially exert little influence but later cause individuals' attitudes to shift |
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Term
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Definition
| aspects of the message itself, including the quality of the evidence and the explicitness of its conclusions |
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Term
| indentifiable victim effect |
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Definition
| the tendency to be more moved by the plight of a single, vivid individual than by a more abstract aggregate of individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| characteristics of the person who receives the message, including age, mood, personality, and motivation to attend to the message |
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Term
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Definition
| the assumption by most people that "other people" are more prone to being influenced by persuasive messages (such as those in media campaigns) than they themselves are |
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Term
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Definition
| efforts of the media to select certain events and topics to emphasize, thereby shaping which issues and events we think are important |
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Term
| thought polarization hypothesis |
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Definition
| the hypothesis that more extended thought about a particular issue tends to produce more extreme, entrenched attitudes |
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Term
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Definition
| small attacks on our beliefs that engage our attitudes, prior commitments, and knowledge structures, enabling us to counteract a subsequent larger attack and be resistant to persuasion |
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