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Definition
| Journalists and editors filter different social events into news stories (i.e., not all social events are turned into news stories) |
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| Broad selection of news media and audience is fragmented by demo/psychographics |
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| A situation in which information, ideas, or beliefs are amplified and reinforced by transmission and repetition inside an "enclosed" system, often drowning out competing views |
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| Homophilous Social Networks |
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Definition
| Very little diversity in views or opinions in a users network gives users the impression that everyone is like them or agrees with their point of view |
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| A website algorithm selectively guesses what information a user would like to see based on information obtained about the user, and, as a result, users become separated from information that disagrees with their view point |
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| People develop a general idea of news going on around them, but not intricate details through short fragments of information from a variety of official and unofficial sources |
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| Public citizens "playing an active role in the process of collecting, reporting, analyzing, and disseminating news and information." |
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| Microtargeting Definition and Buckets |
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Definition
Campaigners design specialized ads targeting specific social groups based on demo/psychographics.
Supporters, Opponents, and Undecided |
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| Personalization of Politics |
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Definition
| Emphasis on diversity and inclusiveness, people are encouraged to express their political opinion however they like |
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| Intentionally upsetting political discourse |
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| An area in social life where individuals can come together to freely discuss and identify societal problems, and through that discussion influence political action |
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| Is social media a public sphere? |
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Definition
| Social media can be a place for deliberation online so long as users can be identified and the network is large enough to have multiple view points presented |
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| 1980's Hackers = Bad, Crackers = Good |
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| Essentially hackers who went to work for Microsoft in the 80/90s |
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| Merge hacking activity with an overt political stance |
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| Politically motivated hacking/obtaining information for political purposes |
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Culture Jamming - Taking an intended message from a corporation and trying to flip that message on its head (iAddict)
DDOS attack: attempting to overload service so the intended user can't access the site
SQL injection: Changing code
Google Bomb: Creating large numbers of links that cause a web page to have a ranking for searches that are unrelated or off topic to the actual search ("Santorum") |
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| Hacktivists/Hacktivism Groups |
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Definition
| Anonymous, Wikileaks, LulzSec |
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| Model of Conflicting Interests |
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Definition
| Governments want political/social control, Businesses want users/profit, Citizens want free access and the right to express themselves however they feel |
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Term
| How did SM companies react in the the midst of the Arab Spring? |
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Definition
| Engineers from Twitter, Google, and SayNow created a "speak-to-tweet" service |
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Definition
| Inequality to internet access AND use between different companies |
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| Denotes the adaptation of a product or service specifically to each locality or culture in which it is sold |
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| Adopting a cultural symbol of another group |
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| Reclaiming and owning a cultural symbol that was previously used as an insult |
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Involves psychological torment
Is repeated
Is carried out with intent
Involves real or perceived power imbalance |
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| 4 Reasons why Cyberbullying can be More Dangerous than regular Bullying |
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Definition
Cyberbullying can take place 24/7
Anonymity allows for deindividuation effect, making bullies more cruel
Lacking of policing agents
The internet never forgets |
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Term
| 4 ways to Prevent Bullying |
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Definition
Training programs
Social Media companies
Research
Vigilantes |
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Term
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Definition
| Committed suicide because of bullying that lead to criminal prosecution of six teenagers |
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Term
| Identity Online (the three "selfs" |
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Definition
Actual Self - attributes an individual actually possess
Ideal Self - attributes an individual would ideally possess (attributes a person hopes/wishes to have)
Ought Self - attributes an individual ought to possess (attributes a person ought to have as an obligation, duty)
Discrepancies between one's actual and ideal self are linked to feelings of dejection. |
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Definition
| People act differently in front of people according to the circumstances. |
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| Impression Management Online (4 parts) |
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Definition
Self-presentation is intentional and strategic
Social Information Procession Theory
Online users attend to small cues
Avoiding the filter |
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| Social Information Processing Theory |
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Definition
| How people get to know one another online without nonverbal communication cues. |
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| Diffusion of Innovations (5 Adoption Determinants) |
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Definition
| Relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, Trialability, Observability |
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| Social Media & the Elderly |
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Definition
| Fastest growing SM demographic, SM can decrease loneliness and depression, SM serves as "gateway" to web |
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Definition
| Blacks/Latinos early adopters of smartphones. Also, more likely than whites to use Twitter |
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Definition
| Women are more likely to use SNS. Women use SNS to connect with family. LGBT couples more likely to meet online. |
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Definition
| Meanings or symbols attached to specific products (the identity of a product) |
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Definition
| Word-of-mouth surrounding a product |
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Definition
| Two step flow to marketing. |
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Term
| How SM changes marketing (5) |
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Definition
Access to new markets
Microtargeting
Creating Relationships
Engagement
Building fans, not just seeking consumers |
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Term
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Definition
Lost control of message
Negative electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) has long reach |
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Definition
Privacy issues
Exploitation
Deception (twiteraudit) |
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Term
| Assumptions of Uses and Gratification Approach (5) |
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Definition
Communication behavior, including media use, is goal-directed
Audience members are variably active participants
Social and psychological factors guide and mediate behavior
The media compete with other forms of comm.
People are typically more influential than the media during the comm process |
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Term
| Four categories of media use and gratifications |
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Definition
| Information, Entertainment, Personal identity, Social interaction |
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Term
| Two targets of Vigilante Justice |
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Definition
| Those responsible for injustice, those who have failed to bring justice |
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Term
| Why become a vigilante? (5) |
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Definition
failures of traditional justice system
Lack of patience for traditional process
Lack of openness in traditional process
Greater exposure to injustice
Better access to evidence |
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Term
| Issues and Implications of Vigilante Justice |
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Definition
SM can foster amplification and distortion
Wisdom of crowd v. Wisdom of elites
Dangers of an open process
Punishment doesn't always fit the crime |
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Term
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Definition
| Decline of omni-networks, fragmented SMN, Mobile marketing, Augmented reality, Ubiquitous technology, Society tries (desperately) to catch up |
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| Technological Refusal and the Costs of Opting Out |
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Definition
Deciding not to use a social network for various reasons (contrarianism, rejection of the industry, inefficient use of time)
Costs can be high considering others have to work harder to figure out how to connect with users who opt out. |
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Term
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Definition
| Online service set up for journalists to quickly receive feedback from the public. It is designed to enable journalists to connect with people who have expertise or experience in particular issues, so that journalists can obtain valuable advice and quotes for stories they are covering. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Facebook of social activism. Helps connect individuals with other people and businesses making an impact |
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Term
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Definition
| Android app that automatically detects faces and allows you to pixilate the faces of people not intended to be in the shot |
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Definition
| International network of bloggers, translators, and citizen journalists that follow, and report about what is going on around the world |
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Definition
| Mobile dating app that allows you to "like" or "skip" potential matches. Mutual "likes" allow you to connect and message in app |
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Definition
| App created by Intel that compiles all the data from your facebook and creates a 3 minute display of what your presence on social media is. |
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