Term
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Definition
| Subcultural theory (extended strain theory) |
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Term
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Definition
| the activities of individuals who commit deviant acts without the social support of other participants (cutters..) |
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Term
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Definition
| teh distinct cultural values and behavioral patterns of a particular group in society; a group united by sets of concepts, values, symbols and shares meaning specific to the members of teh group distinctive enough to distinguish it from others within the same culture |
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Term
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Definition
| A group in which membership is based on a shared commitment to specific nonconformist beliefs or behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
deviance and conformity arise from the relative opportunity structure that forms ones life
-gangs are collective adaptation
-distinct norms |
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Term
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Definition
| when structure of opportunity favor criminal activity (al capone) |
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Term
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Definition
| when the structure of opportunity fails to provide any opportunities (armed street gangs) |
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Term
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Definition
| when the structure of opportunity fails to provide any opportunities (drop outs, addicts,...) |
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Term
| Three features of subcultures |
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Definition
1. the availability of different subcultures contributes to the type of deviant acts engaged in
2. members have rationalizations for their criminal activities that portray the actions as morally acceptable and normal
3. although deviant subcultures depart from mainstream culture they are strict conformists to the norms of their subculture |
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Term
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Definition
| identify social factors that impose deviance or crime on people |
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Term
| Symbolic interactionism (the looking glass self) |
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Definition
Blumer
the looking glass self
1. one imagines how they appear to others
2. one imagines the judgement that others may be making regarding that appearance
3. one develops a self-image via their reflection; that is, the judgements or critique of others |
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Term
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Definition
| a microlevel theory in which the shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people's reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| argues that deviance is the result of how others interpret a behavior and that individuals who are labeled as deviant often internalize this judgement as part of their self-identity |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when an individual violates a norm and is viewed as deviant but rejects the deviant label and maintains a conformist conception of self |
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Term
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Definition
| the internalization of a deviant label and the assumption of a deviant role |
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Term
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Definition
| the interplay between behavior and the response to that behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| one's overriding public identity |
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Term
| :Becoming a Marijuana User' (becker) |
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Definition
-become deviant in interaction with other social actors
-use is result of learning process
-have to learn how to enjoy it |
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Term
| Learning Theory (sutherland) |
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Definition
| specific life experiences, social contexts, situations and resources are needed |
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Term
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Definition
| deviance is learned through social interaction with other deviants in a context where deviance is viewed as acceptable |
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Term
| differential reinforcement |
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Definition
| depending on the social context, deviance may be positively rewarded or negatively sanctioned |
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Term
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Definition
Hirschi
deviance is normal, we must explain conformity
-everyone would engage in crime if they could get away with it |
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Term
| Conflict Theory of Deviance and Crime |
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Definition
| category of theories which hold that deviance and crime arise out of conflice between the powerful and the powerless |
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