Term
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Definition
Even the puritans had deviants
-deviance changes over time but it is always present
-evolves with norms of society |
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Term
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Definition
| masure the incidence of a crime in relation to the population size |
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Term
| US crime rates fluctuated in past years... why? |
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Definition
-improved economy => reduced poverty
-more stable family structure with various nontraditional familytypes |
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Term
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Definition
| partnerships between local police and neighborhood organizations |
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Term
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Definition
| the incentives and punishments that promote conformity in social life |
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Term
| broken windows theory of deviance |
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Definition
| theory explaining how social context and social cues impact whether individuals act deviantly |
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Term
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Definition
| philosophy of criminal justice arising from the notion that crime results from a rational calculation of its costs and benefits |
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Term
How and why do societies punish?
Retribution(vengeance) |
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Definition
governments act on the behalf of individual victims and the broader community to deliver retribution
-death penalty |
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Term
How and why do societies punish?
rehabilitation |
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Definition
to socialize criminals into the basic values and norms of society
-job training in prison |
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Term
How and why do societies punish?
Deterrence |
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Definition
belief that when potential criminals see the consequences of committing a crime they will be less likely to pursue criminal behavior
-tougher penalities |
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Term
How and why do societies punish?
Protection |
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Definition
| imprisoning individuals defined as too dangerous for society |
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Term
How and why do societies punish?
restoration |
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Definition
| seek to repair the individual and social damage caused by a crime |
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Term
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Definition
| when an individual who has been involved with the criminal justice system reverts back to criminal behavior |
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Term
| Erving Goffman (1922-1982) |
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Definition
| Places like prisons and mental health institutions show how deviance may be reproduced through the effects of these institutions on inmates and patients, with these institutions becoming breeding grounds for secondary deviance |
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Term
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Definition
an institution in which one is totally immersed and that controls all of the basics of day-to-day life; no barriers exist between the usual spheres of daily life, and all activity occurs in the same place and under the same single authority
-strip individuals of their sense of self |
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