Term
| True or false? Individuals from minority cultures tend to seek out counseling less and drop out sooner. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the division of the ACA that deals with multicultural counseling? |
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Definition
| Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development (AMCD) |
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Term
| Even though the term multicultural and cultural pluralism can be used as identical terms, what is another definition that cultural pluralism can imply in counseling? |
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Definition
| It can imply that a certain group (women, disabled, senior citizens) have special needs that cross complex boundaries. |
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Term
| What is the dominant culture or the culture that is accepted by the majority of citizens in a given society? |
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Definition
| Macroculture or majority culture |
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Term
| When speaking of a behavior, what is it termed when a behavior cannot be assessed as good or bad except within the context of a given culture? |
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Definition
| cultural relativity or cultural relativism |
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Term
| In the US, each socioeconomic group represents a _____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______and _______ would say that regardless of culture, humans have an instinct to flight. |
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Definition
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Term
| What class of theorists believe that aggression is learned based on the belief that children will model agressive behavior they witness? |
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Definition
| Social Learning Theorists |
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Term
| Who wrote books on the seasons of a man's and a woman's life as well as the introduced the idea of a midlife crisis for men between the ages of 40-45? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three factors that influence interpersonal attraction? |
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Definition
1. close proximity
2. physical attraction
3. similar beliefs |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of proximity or personal spacem interpersonal distance, and territoriality. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency for people who are in close proximity to be attracted to each other. |
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Term
| True or false? Individuals from minority cultures tend to seek out counseling less and drop out sooner. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the division of the ACA that deals with multicultural counseling? |
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Definition
| Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development (AMCD) |
|
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Term
| What is the dominant culture or the culture that is accepted by the majority of citizens in a given society? |
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Definition
| Macroculture or majority culture |
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Term
| When speaking of a behavior, what is it termed when a behavior cannot be assessed as good or bad except within the context of a given culture? |
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Definition
| cultural relativity or cultural relativism |
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Term
| In the US, each socioeconomic group represents a _____________. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ______and _______ would say that regardless of culture, humans have an instinct to flight. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What class of theorists believe that aggression is learned based on the belief that children will model agressive behavior they witness? |
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Definition
| Social Learning Theorists |
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Term
| Who wrote books on the seasons of a man's and a woman's life as well as the introduced the idea of a midlife crisis for men between the ages of 40-45? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The study of proximity or personal spacem interpersonal distance, and territoriality. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency for people who are in close proximity to be attracted to each other. |
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Term
| What helped to abet the multicultural counseling movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false? In all cases, an identified DSM-IV diagnosis implies and recommends a treatment process. |
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Definition
| FALSE!! The DSM-IV is for diagnostic purposes only. |
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Term
| What does some research suggest correlates highly with poor economic conditions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does research show regarding a client's preference of counselor? (think culturally) |
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Definition
| Client's usually prefer a counselor of the same race and similar cultural background. |
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Term
| What two individuals are associated with the frustration-aggression theory? |
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Definition
John Dollard and Neal Miller
This hypothesis asserts that frustration leads to aggression. |
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Term
| What constitutes the #1 method of committing suicide in the US? |
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Definition
| death by self inflicted gunshot wound |
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Term
| Who developed the popular balance theory known as cognitive dissonance theory and what is the core belief behind it? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term used to describe the set of rules, procedures, ideas, and values shared by members of a society? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between a statistical norm and a cultural norm? |
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Definition
| A statistical norm is how individuals ACTUALLY act while a cultural norm is how a person is EXPECTED to act. |
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Term
| What are beliefs regarding the rightness or wrongness of behavior? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between mores and folkways? |
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Definition
| Flokways are similar to mores in that they describe correct, normal, or habitual behavior in a culture. Breaking a folkway usually only results in embarassment. Violating cultural mores causes harm to others or threatens the existence of a group. |
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Term
| Who was the first pioneer to heavily focus on sociocultural issues? |
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Definition
| Frank Parsons-- the Father of Guidance |
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Term
| Are biological similarities and sameness indicated by ecological or universal culture? |
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Definition
| Universal culture--as proven by the HUman Genome Project that we are all more alike than we are different. |
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Term
| True or False? Early vocalizations is nearly identical in all cultures around the globe. |
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Definition
| TRUE--the initial sounds made by babies all over the world are very similar. |
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Term
| What did the social distance scale developed by Emory Bogardus in the 1920's evaluate? |
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Definition
| how an individual felt toward other ethnic groups |
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Term
| Describe the foot-in-the-door technique in relation to counseling. |
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Definition
| When a client complies with a less repugnant request (step 1), they will be more likely to comply with one that they deem more repugnant (step 2) |
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Term
| Whose studies support the foot-in-the-door principle? |
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Definition
Freedman and Fraser
HINT: think "f" for foot, Freedman, and Fraser |
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Term
| The fact that most countries have an official language, stated viewpoint, and central government is reflected mainly by what? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does a culture differ from a society? |
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Definition
| A culture is defined by norms and values while a society is a self-perpetuating group that occupies a definitive territory. |
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Term
True or False?
Cultures operate within societies |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term for when someone use's his or her own culture as a yardstick to measure all others? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does acculturation mean? |
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Definition
| Ethnic and racial minorities intergrate or adopt cultural beliefs and customs from the majority or dominant culture. |
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Term
| How is acculturation related to assimilation? |
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Definition
| Assimilation occurs when an individual has such a high level of acculturation that he or she becomes a part of the dominant culture. |
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Term
| What is a modal personality? |
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Definition
| The personality which is characterstic or typical of the group in question |
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Term
| What theory supports the belief that a relationship will endure if the rewards are greater than the costs? |
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Definition
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Term
| When working with the geriatric population, what are the best predictors of retirement adjustment? |
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Definition
| financial security and health |
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Term
| What are two myths about older adults that counselors need to be aware of when working with the geriatric population? |
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Definition
Myth 1: Intelligence declines with old age.
Myth 2: The elderly are incapable of sex. |
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Term
| Even though an automatic decline in intelligence with aging is a myth, the theory of "terminal drop" or "terminal decline" supports there is a dramatic decrease in intellectual functioning usually during the last _______ of life. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________________theory predicts that a person will look for things which are consistent with his or her behavior to justify it in his or her mind. |
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Definition
| Cognitve Dissonance Theory |
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Term
| Why would a middle to upper class citizen in the US want a counselor to help them "work it out on their own"? |
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Definition
| In the US, middle and upper class culture teaches that independence is a virtue. |
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Term
| What theoretical mode of counseling has been used more than other models to help promote understanding between cultures and races? |
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Definition
| Rogerian Person-centered Counseling |
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Term
| In intercultural/multicultural counseling, what does therapeutic surrender mean? |
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Definition
| A client will psychologically surrender to a counselor from a different culture and become open with thoughts and feelings |
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Term
| What are 5 factors that help promote therapeutic surrender? |
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Definition
1. rapport
2. trust
3. self disclosure
4. listening
5. conquering client resistance |
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Term
| What does the assimilation-contrast theory support? |
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Definition
| -That a client will perceive a counselor's statement that is somewhat like his or her to be more similar and one that is dissimilar to be more dissimilar. |
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Term
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Definition
| A term used to focus on the special advantages, privileges, and opportunities that nonwhites do not have. This can sometimes come into the conuseling session as transference. |
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Term
| What does having a monolithic perspective mean? |
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Definition
| A counselor perceives all individuals from a given group as the same. BAD< BAD< BAD!!! |
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Term
| TRUE OR FALSE? Clients who have counselors of the same ethnicity tend to stay in counseling longer. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does structure mean in regards to multicultural counseling? |
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Definition
| A counselor will explain the role of the helper as well as the helpee to ward off embarassment and enhance the effectiveness. (similar to informed consent) |
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Term
| What are the 3 major barriers to intercultural counseling? |
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Definition
1. Culture-bound values
2. class-bound values
3. language differences |
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Term
| What term is used to describe a viewpoint that is a "culture specific" perspective and comes from the word phonemic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between an emic viewpoint and etic viewpoint? |
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Definition
| An emic viewpoint emphasizes that each individual has individual differences. An etic viewpoint adheres to the thoery that humans are humans regardless of background and culture--in other words, all techniques and interventions can be applied consistently across the board. |
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Term
| What is the diference between autoplastic and alloplastic viewpoints in multicultural counseling? |
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Definition
An autoplastic view feels change comes from within. Alloplastic views assert that a client can cope best by changing external or environmental factors.
This is how I remember the difference: A plane on autopilot is controlled from within--so autoplastic means changes from within. |
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Term
A little riddle for you:)
Positive transference is to love as negative transference is to hostility as ____________ transference is to uncertainty? |
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Definition
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Term
| In multicultural counseling, when does ambivalent transference occur? |
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Definition
| When the client rapidly shifts a emotional attitude toward the counselor based on learning and experiences related to authority figures from the past. |
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Term
| What is the term that means all people must adjust to environmental and geological demands? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who created the concept of social facilitation and what does this theory claim? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term used in social psychology to describe the phenomenon that after a period of time, one forgets the messenger, but remembers the message? |
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Definition
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Term
| What noted psychologist is associated with obedience and authority? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what group is the tendency to affiliate with others the greatest? (think birth order and number of children) |
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Definition
| First borns and only children |
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Term
| What category of conflict is an individual presented with two equally attractive choices? |
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Definition
| approach-approach conflict |
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Term
| What category of conflict is when a person is present with two negative alternatives as choices? |
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Definition
| avoidance-avoidance conflict |
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Term
| When a client is presented with a situation where there is a positive and negative factor presented by the same thing, what type of conflict is that? |
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Definition
| approach-avoidance conflict |
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Term
| Who developed the congruity theory and what does it suggest? |
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Definition
| Charles Osgood and Percey Tannenbaum |
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Term
| What did the study conducted by Muzafer Sherif discover? |
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Definition
A cooperative goal can bring two hostile groups together and reduce competition and enhance cooperation.
**Known as the Robber's Cave Experiment |
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Term
| Why are researchers in the field of counseling critical of most psychosocial experiments? |
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Definition
| Situations are often artificial (laboratory) and lack external validity or ability to understand the behavior outside the experimental setting. |
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Term
| With cultural aspects in mind, what kind of therapy are Asian Americans likely to respond best to? |
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Definition
| brief solution focused therapy that is directive and structured. |
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