Term
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Definition
| environmental factors influence individuals and groups, but individuals and groups can also influence their environments and regulate their own behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| beliefs about the likelihood and value of the consequences of behavioral choices |
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Term
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Definition
| beliefs about personal ability to perform behaviors that bring desired outcomes |
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Term
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Definition
| beliefs about the ability of a group to perform concerted actions that bring desired outcomes |
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Term
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Definition
| learning to perform new behaviors by exposure to interpersonal or media displays of them, particularly through peer modeling |
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Term
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Definition
| controlling oneself through self-monitoring, goal-setting, feedback, self reward, self-instruction, and enlistment of social support |
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Term
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Definition
1. psychological determinants
2. observational learning
3. environmental determinants of behavior
4. self-regulation
5. moral disengagement |
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Term
| social outcome expectations |
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Definition
| like TRA norms. how others will evaluate our behavior & our willingness to be guided by that |
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Term
| self evaluative outcome expectations |
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Definition
| how they feel about themselves, if they do/don't perform the behavior |
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Term
| 4 processes governing observational learning |
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Definition
1. Attention: perceived functional value determines close attention
2.retention: cognitive retention determined by things like reading ability
3. production: performance of modeled behavior
4. motivation: determined by outcome expectations about costs/benefits of observed behavior |
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Term
| Incentive environmental change |
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Definition
| reward/punishment for desired/undesired behavior |
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Term
| facilitation environmental change |
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Definition
| new structures or resources for behavior. empowerment |
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Term
| 6 ways self regulation is achieved |
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Definition
self monitoring
goal setting
feedback
self reward
self instruction
enlistment of social support |
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Term
| Self regulation: self monitoring |
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Definition
| systematic observation of own behavior |
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Term
| self regulation: goal setting |
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Definition
| id of incremental process |
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Term
| Self regulation: feedback |
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Definition
| quality of performance & how to improve |
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Term
| Self regulation: self reward |
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Definition
| tangible/intangible rewards to self |
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Term
| Self regulation: self instruction |
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Definition
| self talk before/during complex task |
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Term
| Self regulation: enlistment of social support |
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Definition
| those that encourage self control |
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Term
| forms of moral disengagement |
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Definition
euphemistic labeling
dehumanization/ attribution of blame
diffusion & displacement of responsibility
perceived moral justification |
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Term
| Moral disengagement: euphemistic labeling |
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Definition
| sanitizes acts using less offensive words (friendly fire, collateral damage) |
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Term
| Moral disengagement: dehumanization/ attribution of blame |
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Definition
| victim at fault for the punishment they receive |
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Term
| Moral disengagement: diffusion & displacement of responsibility |
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Definition
| attributing decisions group or authority figure |
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Term
| Moral disengagement: perceived moral justification |
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Definition
| harmful acts construed as beneficial or necessary |
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Term
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Definition
broad and ambitious
needs more evaluation/testing |
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Term
| stress is a result of what 3 things |
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Definition
| encountering environmental events, interpreting these events, making judgments about control or influencing of events |
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Term
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Definition
persistent life difficulties
role strains
chronic strains
community-wide strains
daily hassles |
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Term
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Definition
| desired or anticipated event that does not occur, not having anything to do |
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Term
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Definition
| Walter cannon's 1932 "fight or flight" |
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Term
| response-based model: general adaptation syndrome |
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Definition
| alarm reaction, stage of resistance, stage of exhaustion |
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Term
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Definition
| holmes and rahe (1967) constructed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) |
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Term
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Definition
| Social readjustment rating scale. calculates life change unit score out of 43 events |
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Term
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Definition
| by psychological abstracts only in 1967 |
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Term
| 4 stages of transational model |
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Definition
known as appraisal
Primary appraisal
Secondary appraisal
Coping
Reappraisal |
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Term
| transational model: primary appraisal |
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Definition
am i ok, or am i in trouble
judgment based on past; knowledge about oneself, about event; influence on others |
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Term
| transational model: secondary appraisal |
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Definition
| how much control do i have over the treat |
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Term
| transational model: coping |
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Definition
| application of means identified |
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Term
| transational model: reappraisal |
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Definition
| determining whether the original stressor has been negated |
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Term
| transational model: problem-focused coping |
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Definition
| based on one's capability to think and alter the environment event or situation |
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Term
| transational model: emotion focused copin |
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Definition
| based on focusing inward on altering the way one thinks or feels about a situation or an event |
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Term
| Problem-focused coping: thought process level |
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Definition
| utilization of problem solving skills. advice seeking, time management, goal setting |
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Term
| Problem-focused coping: behavioral or action level |
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Definition
| joining a smoking cessation program, compliance with a prescribed medical treatment adherence to a diabetic diet plan |
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Term
| emotion-focused coping: thought process level |
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Definition
| denying the existence of the stressful situation, freely expressing emotions, avoiding the stressful situation |
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Term
| emotion-focused coping: behavioral or action level |
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Definition
| seeking social support, use of exercise, relaxation, meditation, support groups |
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Term
| personality characteristics |
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Definition
| suzanne kobasa (1977). 8 year study of job loss investigated characteristics of highly stressed people who remained healthy and those who did not manifest any illness following stressful times. |
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Term
| personality characteristics: control |
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Definition
| ability to influence the events of one's experience |
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Term
| personality characteristics: commitment |
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Definition
| to life activities or feeling of deep involvement |
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Term
| personality characteristics: challenge |
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Definition
| to further development or anticipation of change |
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Term
| personality characteristics: comprehensible |
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Definition
| means that the person believes that the world around him or her is making some sense, there is some set structure, and there is some level of predictability |
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Term
| personality characteristics: manageable |
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Definition
| implies the faith that one has in his or her ability to meet the various demands in life either one way or the other |
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Term
| personality characteristics: meaningfulness |
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Definition
| implies the belief that whatever one does, it has a purpose in life |
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Term
| personality characteristics: optimism |
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Definition
| tendency to look at the brighter side of things and to expect positive outcomes from one's actions |
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Term
| personality characteristics: type A personality |
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Definition
| time urgency, impatience, competitiveness |
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Term
| personality characteristics: type B |
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Definition
| personalities are the opposites of type A, as exemplified by having no time urgency, being cooperative, and having patient dispositions |
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