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Definition
- no one way to define this
- has been defined as an occupation, a movement, an approach, and a set of values
- been labeled the responsibility of social workers because it is seen as the most practical framework for creating lasting change for clients
- used to the benefit of communities of place, of interest, and of identity
- is a long-term commitment. It is not a quick fix to address a community’s problems, nor is it a time-limited process
- aims to address imbalances in power and bring about change founded on social justice, equality, and inclusion
- Community development is ultimately about getting community members working together in collective action to tackle problems |
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Definition
- argues that in order to understand a family system, a social worker must look at the family as a whole, rather than focusing on its members
- provides a theoretical and therapeutic base for dealing with family-related situations
- useful in understanding and managing individual problems by determining the extent to which such problems are related to family issues
- searches for the causes of behavior, not in the individual alone, but in the interactions among the members of a group |
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Term
| family systems approach is based on the following basic assumptions... |
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Definition
- Each family is more than a sum of its members.
- Each family is unique, due to the infinite variations in personal characteristics and cultural and ideological styles.
- A healthy family has flexibility, consistent structure, and effective exchange of information.
- The family is an interactional system whose component parts have constantly shifting boundaries and varying degrees of resistance to change.
- Families must fulfill a variety of functions for each member, both collectively and individually, if each member is to grow and develop |
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Definition
| Families strive for a sense of balance or homeostasis. |
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Term
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Definition
- patterns of interaction that maintain stability or constancy while minimizing change.
- Negative feedback loops help to maintain homeostasis
- Positive feedback loops, in contrast, are patterns of interaction that facilitate change or movement toward either growth or dissolution |
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Definition
| refers to the ability of the family system to accomplish the same goals through different routes. |
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Term
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Definition
- The concept of hierarchies describes how families organize themselves into various smaller units
- When the members or tasks associated with each subsystem become blurred with those of other subsystems, families have been viewed as having difficulties
- For example, when a child becomes involved in marital issues, difficulties often emerge that require intervention. |
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Term
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Definition
- occur at every level of the system and between subsystems
- can be very open or very tight depending on the family
- influence the movement of people and the flow of information into and out of the system
- regulate the flow of information in a family |
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Definition
| Individual family members and the subsystems comprised by the family system are mutually influenced by and are mutually dependent upon one another. What happens to one family member, or what one family member does, influences other family members. |
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Definition
- diagrams of family relationships beyond a family tree allowing a social worker and client to visualize hereditary patterns and psychological factors
- annotations about the medical history and major personality traits of each family member |
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Definition
- aims to strengthen individual and family life through a family perspective
- Much of family life education is delivered through parenting classes, premarriage education, marriage enrichment programs, and/or family financial planning courses
- All of these activities focus on improving a client’s quality of life individually and, equally as important, within his or her family unit |
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Term
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Definition
- aims to strengthen individual and family life through a family perspective
- Much of family life education is delivered through parenting classes, premarriage education, marriage enrichment programs, and/or family financial planning courses
- All of these activities focus on improving a client’s quality of life individually and, equally as important, within his or her family unit |
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Term
| "person-in-environment (PIE)” influences |
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Definition
a popular social work concept that states that a person is heavily influenced by their environment; therefore, their problems and issues can be largely understood by environmental influences
- highlights the importance of understanding individual behavior in light of the environmental contexts in which a client lives and acts
- historical roots in the social work profession
- PIE is client-centered, rather than agency-centered
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Term
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Definition
- based on the assumption that clients have the capacity to grow, change, and adapt (humanistic approach)
- Clients also have the knowledge that is important in defining and solving their problems
- clients or families are experts about their own lives and situations
- any ability that helps an individual (or family) to confront and deal with a stressful life situation and to use the challenging situation as a stimulus for growth
- The strengths perspective focuses on understanding clients (or families) on the basis of their strengths and resources |
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Term
| Methods to enhance strengths include: |
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Definition
Collaboration and partnership between a social worker and client
Creating opportunities for learning or displaying competencies
Environmental modification—environment is both a resource and a target of intervention |
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Definition
often involve a threat to life or safety, but any situation that leaves a client feeling overwhelmed and alone can be traumatic, even if it does not involve physical harm
- often involve a threat to life or safety, but any situation that leaves a client feeling overwhelmed and alone can be traumatic, even if it does not involve physical harm |
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Term
| An event will most likely lead to emotional or psychological trauma if: |
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Definition
It happened unexpectedly
There was not preparation for it
There is a feeling of having been powerless to prevent it
It happens repeatedly
Someone was intentionally cruel
It happened in childhood |
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| Emotional and psychological trauma is the result of... |
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Definition
| stressful events that destroy a sense of security, making a client feel helpless and vulnerable in a dangerous world. |
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Definition
| Clients are also more likely to be traumatized by a new situation if they have been traumatized before—especially if the earlier trauma occurred in childhood. Experiencing trauma in childhood can have a severe and long-lasting effect. Children who have been traumatized see the world as a frightening and dangerous place. When childhood trauma is not resolved, this fundamental sense of fear and helplessness carries over into adulthood, setting the stage for further trauma. |
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Term
| PIE classification system |
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Definition
| The PIE classification system is field-tested and examines social role functioning, the environment, mental health, and physical health. Was developed as an alternative to the commonly used disease and moral models (i.e., DSM, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems [ICD], civil or penal codes) to implement social work philosophy and area of expertise. PIE is client-centered, rather than agency-centered. |
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